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Abstract：
The analysis and detection of snake venom toxins are a matter of great importance in clinical diagnosis for fast treatment and the discovery of new pharmaceutical products. Current detection methods have high associated costs and require the use of sophisticated bioreceptors, which in some cases are difficult to obtain. Herein, we report the synthesis of template-based molecularly imprinted micromotors for dynamic detection of α-bungarotoxin as a model toxin present in the venom of many-banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus). The specific recognition sites are built-in in the micromotors by incubation of the membrane template with the target toxin, followed by a controlled electrodeposition of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) polymeric layer, a magnetic Ni layer to promote magnetic guidance and facilitate washing steps, and a Pt layer for autonomous propulsion in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The enhanced fluid mixing and autonomous propulsion increase the likelihood of interactions with the target analyte as compared with static counterparts, retaining the tetramethylrhodamine-labeled α-bungarotoxin on the micromotor surface with extremely fast dynamic sensor response (after just 20 s navigation) in only 3 μL of water, urine, or serum samples. The sensitivity achieved meets the clinically relevant concentration postsnakebite (from 0.1 to 100 μg/mL), illustrating the feasibility of the approach for practical applications. The selectivity of the protocol is very high, as illustrated by the absence of fluorescence in the micromotor surface in the presence of α-cobratoxin as a representative toxin with a size and structure similar to those of α-bungarotoxin. Recoveries higher than 95% are obtained in the analysis of urine- and serum-fortified samples. The new strategy holds considerable promise for fast, inexpensive, and even onsite detection of several toxins using multiple molecularly imprinted micromotors with tailored recognition abilities.
摘要：
蛇毒毒素的分析和检测在临床诊断中对于快速治疗和新药物产品的发现非常重要。当前的检测方法具有高的相关成本并且需要使用复杂的生物受体,在某些情况下很难获得。在这里，我们报告了基于模板的分子印迹微电机的合成，该微电机用于动态检测α-银环蛇毒素作为存在于多带状krait（Bungarusmulticinctus）毒液中的模型毒素。通过将膜模板与目标毒素一起孵育，将特定的识别位点内置到微电机中，然后受控电沉积聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩)/聚(4-苯乙烯磺酸钠)聚合物层，磁性Ni层，以促进磁性引导并促进洗涤步骤，和用于在过氧化氢存在下自主推进的Pt层。与静态对应物相比，增强的流体混合和自主推进增加了与目标分析物相互作用的可能性。将四甲基罗丹明标记的α-银环蛇毒素保留在微电机表面上，具有极快的动态传感器响应（仅在20s导航后），仅在3μL水中，尿液,或血清样本。达到的灵敏度符合蛇咬伤后的临床相关浓度（0.1至100μg/mL），说明了该方法在实际应用中的可行性。该协议的选择性非常高，如在存在α-cobratoxin作为代表性毒素的情况下，微电机表面不存在荧光，其大小和结构与α-银环蛇毒素相似。在尿液和血清强化样品的分析中，回收率高于95％。新战略对快速，便宜,甚至使用具有定制识别能力的多个分子印迹微电机现场检测几种毒素。
