Abstract：
The development of diverse types of biomaterials has significantly contributed to bringing new biomedical strategies to treat clinical conditions. Applications of these biomaterials can range from mechanical support and protection of injured tissues to joint replacement, tissue implants, and drug delivery systems. Among the strategies commonly used to prepare biomaterials, the use of electromagnetic radiation to initiate crosslinking stands out. The predominance of photo-induced polymerization methods relies on a fast, efficient, and straightforward process that can be easily adjusted to clinical needs. This strategy consists of irradiating the components that form the material with photons in the near ultraviolet-visible wavelength range (i.e., ∼310 to 750 nm) in the presence of a photoactive molecule. Upon photon absorption, photosensitive molecules can generate excited species that initiate photopolymerization through different reaction mechanisms. However, this process could promote undesired side reactions depending on the target zone or treatment type (e.g., oxidative stress and modification of biomolecules such as proteins and lipids). This review explores the basic concepts behind the photopolymerization process of ex situ and in situ biomaterials. Particular emphasis was put on the photosensitization initiated by the most employed photosensitizers and the photoreactions that they mediate in aqueous media. Finally, the undesired oxidation reactions at the bio-interface and potential solutions are presented.
摘要：
各种类型的生物材料的发展极大地促进了新的生物医学策略来治疗临床疾病。这些生物材料的应用范围从机械支持和保护受伤组织到关节置换，组织植入物,和药物输送系统。在通常用于制备生物材料的策略中，使用电磁辐射来引发交联是突出的。光诱导聚合方法的优势依赖于快速，高效,和简单的过程，可以很容易地调整到临床需要。该策略包括用近紫外可见波长范围内的光子照射形成材料的成分（即，~310至750nm)，在存在光活性分子的情况下。光子吸收后，光敏分子可以产生激发物质，通过不同的反应机理引发光聚合。然而,根据目标区域或处理类型，此过程可能会促进不希望的副反应(例如，氧化应激和生物分子如蛋白质和脂质的修饰)。这篇综述探讨了非原位和原位生物材料的光聚合过程背后的基本概念。特别强调了由最常用的光敏剂引发的光敏作用以及它们在水性介质中介导的光反应。最后,在生物界面和潜在的解决方案不希望的氧化反应。
