Abstract：
Experiencing image-based sexual harassment and abuse (IBSHA), or the sending of unsolicited nude or sexual images and the nonconsensual taking, sharing, or threats to share nude or sexual images, may have severe consequences for victims\' well-being. While seeking help may be beneficial, not every victim seeks help. Little research has been conducted on IBSHA victims\' help-seeking behavior. Therefore, the present mixed-method study examined the help-seeking behavior of IBSHA victims, particularly the barriers and facilitators to seeking help. The study used data from an online survey (N = 163) and interviews (N = 6) among 12-to-25-year-old victims. The quantitative data indicated that the majority of victims disclosed the incident (72.8%), but only a third received help (34.4%). Help-seekers reported greater experienced barriers to help-seeking, when compared to non-help-seekers. The experienced barriers positively predicted victims\' reported help-seeking behavior. From the qualitative data, four types of barriers were identified: (a) individual barriers (e.g., feelings of shame), (b) practical barriers (e.g., affordability of help), (c) interpersonal barriers (e.g., fear of negative reactions from one\'s social environment), and (d) sociocultural barriers (e.g., normalization of IBSHA). Moreover, two types of facilitators were identified: (a) individual facilitators (e.g., the impact of victimization) and (b) interpersonal facilitators (e.g., social support). This suggests victims experience multiple barriers, which altogether can influence their help-seeking behavior. As a help-seeking trajectory is complex and unique to the individual, victims may encounter multiple new hurdles along the way. This may explain why help-seekers reported more barriers. The findings and corresponding implications highlight the importance of providing education on IBSHA and help-seeking on various levels in society.
摘要：
经历基于图像的性骚扰和性虐待（IBSHA），或者发送未经请求的裸体或性图像以及非自愿拍摄，分享,或者威胁分享裸体或性形象，可能会对受害者的福祉造成严重后果。虽然寻求帮助可能是有益的，并非每个受害者都寻求帮助。对IBSHA受害者寻求帮助的行为进行的研究很少。因此,本混合方法研究检查了IBSHA受害者的求助行为，特别是寻求帮助的障碍和促进者。该研究使用了来自12至25岁受害者的在线调查（N=163）和访谈（N=6）的数据。定量数据显示,大部分受害人披露事件(72.8%),但只有三分之一的人得到了帮助(34.4%)。寻求帮助的人报告说，寻求帮助的障碍更大，与非求助者相比。经历过的障碍积极地预测了受害者报告的寻求帮助行为。从定性数据来看，确定了四种类型的障碍：(A)个体障碍(例如，羞愧的感觉)，(b)实际障碍(例如，帮助的可负担性)，(c)人际障碍(例如，害怕来自社会环境的负面反应)，和(D)社会文化障碍(例如，IBSHA的归一化)。此外，确定了两种类型的主持人：(a)个人主持人(例如，受害的影响)和(B)人际关系促进者(例如，社会支持)。这表明受害者经历了多重障碍，这完全可以影响他们的求助行为。由于寻求帮助的轨迹对个人来说是复杂而独特的，受害者可能会遇到许多新的障碍。这可以解释为什么寻求帮助的人报告了更多的障碍。调查结果和相应的含义强调了提供IBSHA教育和在社会各个层面寻求帮助的重要性。
