Abstract：
The placenta plays a critical role in host-pathogen interactions. Thus, ex vivo infection of mammalian placental explants is an excellent and simple method to study the mechanisms of cellular and tissue invasion by different pathogens in different mammalian species. These explants can be maintained in culture for several days, preserving the tissue architecture and resembling in-utero conditions under more physiological conditions than their isolated counterparts in isolated cell culture models. In addition, placental explants not only allow us to study how the placenta responds and defends itself against various infections but also provide a versatile platform for advancing our understanding of placental biology and the immune response. Furthermore, they serve as powerful tools for drug discovery, facilitating the screening of potential therapeutics for placental infections and for the identification of diagnostic markers. This review highlights the utility of mammalian placental explants in studying the host-pathogen interaction of two relevant protozoan parasites, Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, and Toxoplasma gondii, the etiological agent of Toxoplasmosis. Here, we discuss the different methodologies and technical aspects of the model, as well as the effect of both parasites on placental responses in human, canine, and ovine explants.
摘要：
胎盘在宿主-病原体相互作用中起关键作用。因此，哺乳动物胎盘外植体的离体感染是研究不同病原体在不同哺乳动物物种中细胞和组织侵袭机制的一种极好且简单的方法。这些外植体可以在培养中保持几天，与分离的细胞培养模型中的分离对应物相比，在更多的生理条件下保持组织结构并类似于子宫内条件。此外,胎盘外植体不仅使我们能够研究胎盘如何响应和防御各种感染，而且还提供了一个通用的平台，以促进我们对胎盘生物学和免疫反应的理解。此外，它们是药物发现的有力工具，促进胎盘感染的潜在治疗方法的筛选和诊断标记的鉴定。这篇综述强调了哺乳动物胎盘外植体在研究两种相关原生动物寄生虫的宿主-病原体相互作用中的实用性，克氏锥虫,查加斯病的病原体,和弓形虫,弓形虫病的病原体。这里,我们讨论了模型的不同方法和技术方面，以及两种寄生虫对人类胎盘反应的影响，犬,和绵羊外植体。
