Abstract：
Aortic dissection (AD) is a catastrophic life-threatening cardiovascular emergency with a 1-2% per hour mortality rate post-diagnosis, characterized physiologically by the separation of aortic wall layers. AD initially presents as intense pain that can then radiate to the back, arms, neck, or jaw along with neurological deficits like difficulty in speaking, and unilateral weakness in some patients. This spectrum of clinical features associated with AD is often confused with acute myocardial infarction, hence leading to a delay in AD diagnosis. Cardiac and vascular biomarkers are structural proteins and microRNAs circulating in the bloodstream that correlate to tissue damage and their levels become detectable even before symptom onset. Timely diagnosis of AD using biomarkers, in combination with advanced imaging diagnostics, will significantly improve prognosis by allowing earlier vascular interventions. This comprehensive review aims to investigate emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of AD, as well as provide future directives for creating advanced diagnostic tools and imaging techniques.
摘要：
主动脉夹层（AD）是一种灾难性的危及生命的心血管急症，诊断后每小时死亡率为1-2％。生理特征是主动脉壁层的分离。AD最初表现为剧烈的疼痛，然后可以辐射到背部，武器,颈部或下巴伴随着神经系统缺陷，如说话困难，和一些患者的单侧虚弱。这种与AD相关的临床特征通常与急性心肌梗死混淆，因此导致AD诊断延迟。心脏和血管生物标志物是在血流中循环的结构蛋白和微小RNA,其与组织损伤相关,并且甚至在症状发作之前它们的水平就变得可检测。使用生物标志物及时诊断AD，结合先进的成像诊断，通过允许早期血管干预将显著改善预后。这篇综合综述旨在探讨新兴的生物标志物在AD诊断中的应用。以及为创建先进的诊断工具和成像技术提供未来的指令。
