Abstract：
The present investigation aims to develop and evaluate silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesized through environmentally friendly methods and to assess their effectiveness against hydatid cysts through in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments. The green synthesis of ANP was accomplished using the precipitation technique with Astragalus spinosus extract. The in vitro protoscolicidal effects of ANP were evaluated on hydatid cyst protoscoleces (PTS) through eosin exclusion test. The study also investigated the effect of ANP on the gene expression levels of caspase-3 and 9, as well as the external morphology of PTS. The in vivo efficacy was assessed by analyzing the quantity, dimensions, and weight of hydatid cysts in infected mice. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the gene expression levels of antioxidant and inflammatory cytokines. ANP exhibited significant (p < 0.001) in vitro protoscolicidal activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with ANP resulted in creases and protrusions on the plasma membrane, indicating bleb formation and an increase in the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes. Notably, there was a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the number, size, and weight of hydatid cysts following ANP treatment. Administration of ANP resulted in a significant increase in the expression of antioxidant genes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and a notable decrease in oxidative stress markers, as well as in the expression levels of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, ANP shows potential as a scolicidal agent and holds promise in managing hydatid cysts in a mouse model. Nevertheless, further clinical trials are imperative to validate the efficacy of ANP in treating hydatidosis.
摘要：
本研究旨在开发和评估通过环保方法合成的银纳米颗粒（AgNP），并通过体外评估其对包虫囊肿的有效性，离体,和体内实验。用黄芪提取物采用沉淀法完成了ANP的绿色合成。通过曙红排除试验评估了ANP对包虫囊肿原头骨（PTS）的体外杀原头骨作用。该研究还研究了ANP对caspase-3和9的基因表达水平以及PTS的外部形态的影响。通过分析数量来评估体内功效，尺寸,和感染小鼠包虫囊肿的重量。采用Real-timePCR方法分析抗氧化剂和炎性细胞因子的基因表达水平。ANP以剂量和时间依赖性方式表现出显着（p<0.001）的体外杀原型活性。用ANP处理导致质膜上的折痕和突起，表明气泡形成和caspase-3和caspase-9基因表达的增加。值得注意的是,数量显着减少（p<0.001），尺寸,ANP治疗后包虫囊肿的重量。施用ANP导致抗氧化基因（谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶）的表达显着增加，氧化应激标志物显着降低，以及白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和IL-10的表达水平。由于其抗氧化和抗炎特性，ANP显示出作为一种杀毒剂的潜力，并有望在小鼠模型中管理包虫囊肿。然而，进一步的临床试验必须验证ANP治疗包虫病的疗效.
