Abstract：
This review highlights the limitations faced by conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in effectively removing contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), heavy metals (HMs), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This emphasises the limitations of current treatment methods and advocates for innovative approaches to enhance the removal efficiency. By following the PRISMA guidelines, the study systematically reviewed relevant literature on detecting and remedying these pollutants in wastewater treatment facilities. Conventional wastewater treatment plants struggle to eliminate CECs, HMs, and E. coli owing to their small size, persistence, and complex nature. The review suggests upgrading WWTPs with advanced tertiary processes to significantly improve contaminant removal. This calls for cost-effective treatment parameters and standardised assessment techniques to enhance the fate of MPs in WWTPs and WRRFs. It recommends integrating insights from mass-balance model studies on MPs in WWTP to overcome modelling challenges and ensure model reliability. In conclusion, this review underscores the urgent need for advancements in wastewater treatment processes to mitigate the environmental impact of trace anthropogenic biomarkers. Future efforts should focus on conducting comprehensive studies, implementing advanced treatment methods, and optimising management practices in WWTPs and WRRFs.
摘要：
这篇综述强调了传统废水处理厂（WWTP）在有效去除新兴污染物（CEC）方面所面临的局限性，重金属（HMs），和大肠杆菌(E.大肠杆菌）。这强调了当前处理方法的局限性，并倡导了提高去除效率的创新方法。通过遵循PRISMA准则，该研究系统地回顾了有关废水处理设施中这些污染物的检测和治理的相关文献。传统的废水处理厂努力消除CEC，HMs,和大肠杆菌由于它们的体积小，持久性,和复杂的性质。该评论建议使用先进的三级工艺升级污水处理厂，以显着提高污染物的去除效果。这需要具有成本效益的治疗参数和标准化的评估技术，以提高MPP在WWTP和WRRF中的命运。建议将质量平衡模型研究的见解整合到WWTP中，以克服建模挑战并确保模型可靠性。总之,这篇综述强调了迫切需要改进废水处理工艺，以减轻痕量人为生物标志物对环境的影响。今后的工作重点应该是进行全面的研究,实施先进的治疗方法，并优化污水处理厂和WRRF的管理实践。
