Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Oral antiviral medications are important tools for preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, their uptake remains low for reasons that are not entirely understood. Our study aimed to assess the association between perceived risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes and oral antiviral use among those who were eligible for treatment based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines.
METHODS: We surveyed 4034 non-institutionalized US adults in April 2023, and report findings from 934 antiviral-eligible participants with at least one confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection since December 1, 2021 and no current long COVID symptoms. Survey weights were used to yield nationally representative estimates. The primary exposure of interest was whether participants perceived themselves to be \"at high risk for severe COVID-19.\" The primary outcome was use of a COVID-19 oral antiviral within 5 days of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS: Only 18.5% of antiviral-eligible adults considered themselves to be at high risk for severe COVID-19 and 16.8% and 15.9% took oral antivirals at any time or within 5 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. In contrast, 79.8% were aware of antiviral treatments for COVID-19. Perceived high-risk status was associated with being more likely to be aware (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.20]), to be prescribed (aPR 1.47 [95% CI 1.08-2.01]), and to take oral antivirals at any time (aPR 1.61 [95% CI 1.16-2.24]) or within 5 days of infection (aPR 1.72 [95% CI 1.23-2.40]).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite widespread awareness of the availability of COVID-19 oral antivirals, more than 80% of eligible US adults did not receive them. Our findings suggest that differences between perceived and actual risk for severe COVID-19 (based on current CDC guidelines) may partially explain this low uptake.
METHODS: We surveyed 4034 non-institutionalized US adults in April 2023, and report findings from 934 antiviral-eligible participants with at least one confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection since December 1, 2021 and no current long COVID symptoms. Survey weights were used to yield nationally representative estimates. The primary exposure of interest was whether participants perceived themselves to be \"at high risk for severe COVID-19.\" The primary outcome was use of a COVID-19 oral antiviral within 5 days of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS: Only 18.5% of antiviral-eligible adults considered themselves to be at high risk for severe COVID-19 and 16.8% and 15.9% took oral antivirals at any time or within 5 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. In contrast, 79.8% were aware of antiviral treatments for COVID-19. Perceived high-risk status was associated with being more likely to be aware (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.20]), to be prescribed (aPR 1.47 [95% CI 1.08-2.01]), and to take oral antivirals at any time (aPR 1.61 [95% CI 1.16-2.24]) or within 5 days of infection (aPR 1.72 [95% CI 1.23-2.40]).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite widespread awareness of the availability of COVID-19 oral antivirals, more than 80% of eligible US adults did not receive them. Our findings suggest that differences between perceived and actual risk for severe COVID-19 (based on current CDC guidelines) may partially explain this low uptake.
摘要：
背景：口服抗病毒药物是预防严重COVID-19结局的重要工具。然而,由于尚未完全理解的原因，它们的吸收仍然很低。我们的研究旨在根据疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）指南，评估有资格接受治疗的人的严重COVID-19结局的感知风险与口服抗病毒药物之间的关系。
方法：我们于2023年4月调查了4034名非住院的美国成年人，并报告了934名符合抗病毒条件的参与者的调查结果，这些参与者自2021年12月1日起至少有1例确诊的SARS-CoV-2感染，目前没有长期COVID症状。调查权重用于产生具有全国代表性的估计。主要关注的是参与者是否认为自己处于严重COVID-19的高风险中。“主要结果是在疑似SARS-CoV-2感染后5天内使用COVID-19口服抗病毒药物。
结果：只有18.5％的抗病毒合格成年人认为自己有严重COVID-19的高风险，16.8％和15.9％在SARS-CoV-2感染后的任何时间或5天内服用口服抗病毒药物，分别。相比之下,79.8%的人知道COVID-19的抗病毒治疗。感知高风险状态与更容易意识到相关（调整后的患病率比[aPR]：1.11[95％置信区间（CI）1.03-1.20]），待处方(APR1.47[95%CI1.08-2.01])，并在任何时间（aPR1.61[95%CI1.16-2.24]）或感染后5天内（aPR1.72[95%CI1.23-2.40]）服用口服抗病毒药物。
结论：尽管人们普遍意识到COVID-19口服抗病毒药物的可用性，超过80%的符合条件的美国成年人没有收到他们.我们的研究结果表明，严重COVID-19的感知和实际风险之间的差异（根据当前的CDC指南）可能部分解释了这种低摄取。
方法：我们于2023年4月调查了4034名非住院的美国成年人，并报告了934名符合抗病毒条件的参与者的调查结果，这些参与者自2021年12月1日起至少有1例确诊的SARS-CoV-2感染，目前没有长期COVID症状。调查权重用于产生具有全国代表性的估计。主要关注的是参与者是否认为自己处于严重COVID-19的高风险中。“主要结果是在疑似SARS-CoV-2感染后5天内使用COVID-19口服抗病毒药物。
结果：只有18.5％的抗病毒合格成年人认为自己有严重COVID-19的高风险，16.8％和15.9％在SARS-CoV-2感染后的任何时间或5天内服用口服抗病毒药物，分别。相比之下,79.8%的人知道COVID-19的抗病毒治疗。感知高风险状态与更容易意识到相关（调整后的患病率比[aPR]：1.11[95％置信区间（CI）1.03-1.20]），待处方(APR1.47[95%CI1.08-2.01])，并在任何时间（aPR1.61[95%CI1.16-2.24]）或感染后5天内（aPR1.72[95%CI1.23-2.40]）服用口服抗病毒药物。
结论：尽管人们普遍意识到COVID-19口服抗病毒药物的可用性，超过80%的符合条件的美国成年人没有收到他们.我们的研究结果表明，严重COVID-19的感知和实际风险之间的差异（根据当前的CDC指南）可能部分解释了这种低摄取。
