Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Increased neonatal referral rate of conductive hearing loss (CHL) related to otitis media with effusion (OME) following universal neonatal hearing screening (UNHS) may cause an unnecessary clinical, emotional, and financial burden. This study analyzes the long-term, audiological, and medical characteristics of CHL associated with OME in neonates in order to establish a standardized protocol following technology-driven improvements in detection and referral rates in UNHS.
METHODS: A retrospective study of all neonates with OME-related CHL referred to the University Hospital of Leuven (Belgium) after failing UNHS with the MAICO devices between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2021 was performed. Follow-up consultations, auditory tests, referral side, birth month, hearing loss degree, underlying pathologies and risk factors, time to normalization, and need for ventilation tubes were assessed.
RESULTS: The incidence of CHL related to OME was stable between 2013 and 2021. Of all referred infants with OME, 52.3 % demonstrated spontaneous recovery. The average time to hearing normalization was significantly longer in children with underlying congenital pathologies compared to those without. Moreover, 74.4 % of these children received ventilation tubes compared to 32.0 % of children without underlying pathologies. No correlation was found between the incidence of OME-related CHL with either a hearing loss degree, admission to neonatal intensive care, or history of a nasogastric feeding tube.
CONCLUSIONS: In children who failed UNHS due to OME, hearing recovers spontaneously without surgical intervention in 2/3 of the infants without underlying conditions within one year. In children with underlying congenital disorders, the time to hearing recovery is longer and the risk for surgical intervention is higher, underlining the need for implementing a UNHS standardized protocol.
METHODS: A retrospective study of all neonates with OME-related CHL referred to the University Hospital of Leuven (Belgium) after failing UNHS with the MAICO devices between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2021 was performed. Follow-up consultations, auditory tests, referral side, birth month, hearing loss degree, underlying pathologies and risk factors, time to normalization, and need for ventilation tubes were assessed.
RESULTS: The incidence of CHL related to OME was stable between 2013 and 2021. Of all referred infants with OME, 52.3 % demonstrated spontaneous recovery. The average time to hearing normalization was significantly longer in children with underlying congenital pathologies compared to those without. Moreover, 74.4 % of these children received ventilation tubes compared to 32.0 % of children without underlying pathologies. No correlation was found between the incidence of OME-related CHL with either a hearing loss degree, admission to neonatal intensive care, or history of a nasogastric feeding tube.
CONCLUSIONS: In children who failed UNHS due to OME, hearing recovers spontaneously without surgical intervention in 2/3 of the infants without underlying conditions within one year. In children with underlying congenital disorders, the time to hearing recovery is longer and the risk for surgical intervention is higher, underlining the need for implementing a UNHS standardized protocol.
摘要：
目的：新生儿听力筛查（UNHS）后，与渗出性中耳炎（OME）相关的传导性听力损失（CHL）的新生儿转诊率增加，情感,和财政负担。本研究分析了长期、听力学,以及与新生儿OME相关的CHL的医学特征，以便在技术驱动的UNHS检测和转诊率提高后建立标准化方案。
方法：在2013年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间，对所有患有OME相关CHL的新生儿进行了回顾性研究，这些新生儿在2013年1月1日和2021年12月31日期间使用MAICO设备进行了UNHS失败后转诊到鲁汶大学医院（比利时）。后续协商，听觉测试,转诊方,出生月份,听力损失程度,潜在的病理和危险因素，正常化的时间，对通风管的需求进行了评估。
结果：与OME相关的CHL的发生率在2013年至2021年之间稳定。在所有转诊的OME婴儿中，52.3%显示自发恢复。与没有先天性疾病的儿童相比，患有先天性疾病的儿童达到听力正常化的平均时间明显更长。此外，这些儿童中有74.4％接受了通风管，而没有潜在病理的儿童则为32.0％。OME相关CHL的发生率与听力损失程度无相关性,入院新生儿重症监护，或者鼻饲管的病史。
结论：在因OME而导致UNHS失败的儿童中，2/3无基础疾病的婴儿在一年内无需手术干预即可自发恢复听力。在患有潜在先天性疾病的儿童中，听力恢复的时间更长，手术干预的风险更高，强调需要实施UNHS标准化协议。
方法：在2013年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间，对所有患有OME相关CHL的新生儿进行了回顾性研究，这些新生儿在2013年1月1日和2021年12月31日期间使用MAICO设备进行了UNHS失败后转诊到鲁汶大学医院（比利时）。后续协商，听觉测试,转诊方,出生月份,听力损失程度,潜在的病理和危险因素，正常化的时间，对通风管的需求进行了评估。
结果：与OME相关的CHL的发生率在2013年至2021年之间稳定。在所有转诊的OME婴儿中，52.3%显示自发恢复。与没有先天性疾病的儿童相比，患有先天性疾病的儿童达到听力正常化的平均时间明显更长。此外，这些儿童中有74.4％接受了通风管，而没有潜在病理的儿童则为32.0％。OME相关CHL的发生率与听力损失程度无相关性,入院新生儿重症监护，或者鼻饲管的病史。
结论：在因OME而导致UNHS失败的儿童中，2/3无基础疾病的婴儿在一年内无需手术干预即可自发恢复听力。在患有潜在先天性疾病的儿童中，听力恢复的时间更长，手术干预的风险更高，强调需要实施UNHS标准化协议。
