Abstract：
The current consumption trends, combined with the expected demographic growth in the coming years, call for a protein transition, i.e., the partial substitution of animal protein-rich foods with foods rich in proteins produced in a more sustainable way. Here, we have discussed some of the most common and promising protein sources alternative to animal proteins, namely: legumes, insects, and microorganisms (including microalgae and fungi). The primary objective was to assess their nutritional quality through the collection of digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) values available in the scientific literature. Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) values have been used where DIAAS values were not available. The ecological impact of each protein source, its nutritional quality and the potential applications in traditional foods or novel food concepts like meat analogues are also discussed. The data collected show that DIAAS values for animal proteins are higher than all the other protein sources. Soybean proteins, mycoproteins and proteins of some insects present relatively high DIAAS (or PDCAAS) values and must be considered proteins of good quality. This review also highlights the lack of DIAAS values for many potentially promising protein sources and the variability induced by the way the proteins are processed.
摘要：
当前的消费趋势，结合未来几年预期的人口增长，呼吁蛋白质过渡，即，以更可持续的方式生产的富含蛋白质的食物部分替代富含动物蛋白质的食物。这里,我们已经讨论了一些最常见和最有前途的替代动物蛋白的蛋白质来源，即:豆类,昆虫,和微生物（包括微藻和真菌）。主要目标是通过收集科学文献中可用的可消化的必不可少的氨基酸评分（DIAAS）值来评估其营养质量。已经使用蛋白质消化率校正的氨基酸评分(PDCAAS)值,其中DIAAS值不可用。每种蛋白质来源的生态影响，还讨论了其营养质量以及在传统食品或肉类类似物等新型食品概念中的潜在应用。收集的数据显示,动物蛋白的DIAAS值高于所有其他蛋白来源。大豆蛋白,一些昆虫的真菌蛋白和蛋白质具有相对较高的DIAAS（或PDCAAS）值，必须被认为是高质量的蛋白质。这篇综述还强调了许多潜在有前途的蛋白质来源缺乏DIAAS值，以及蛋白质加工方式引起的变异性。
