Abstract：
Improved pass accuracy is a prominent determinant of success in football. It demands an effective interaction of complex behavioral and cortical dynamics. Exploring differences in the ability to sustain an accurate pass behavior in a stable setting and the associated cortical dynamics at different expertise levels may provide an insight into skilled strategies contributing to superior accuracy in football. The aim of this study is to compare trial-to-trial variability of pass biomechanics and the corresponding cortical dynamics during short-distance passes between novices and experienced football players. Thirty participants (15 novices, 15 football players) performed 90 short-distance passes. The intertrial variability of pass biomechanics (foot acceleration, range of hip flexion, knee flexion and foot rotation) was assessed by means of multiscale entropy. The task-related cortical dynamics were analyzed via source-derived event-related spectral perturbations. Experienced players demonstrated higher accuracy and overall lower entropy values across multiple time scales which was significant for hip flexion. The electroencephalography data revealed group differences in parieto-occipital alpha desynchronization and frontal theta synchronization in successive phases of passes. The current findings suggest that experienced football players may show a skilled ability to recruit and retain pass biomechanics promoting higher accuracy, whereas novices may show an explorative behavior with higher spatial variability. This difference may be associated with distinctive visuospatial and attentional strategies acquired with expertise in football. Our study provides an insight into expertise-specific behavioral and cortical dynamics of superior accuracy in football and a basis for its prospective investigation in enriched contexts.
摘要：
提高传球准确性是足球比赛成功的重要决定因素。它需要复杂的行为和皮质动力学的有效相互作用。探索在稳定的环境中维持准确的传球行为的能力的差异以及在不同的专业知识水平下相关的皮质动力学可以提供对有助于提高足球准确性的熟练策略的洞察力。这项研究的目的是比较新手和有经验的足球运动员在短距离传球过程中传球生物力学的试验性和相应的皮质动力学。30名参与者(15名新手，15名足球运动员）进行了90次短距离传球。传球生物力学的试验间变异性(足部加速度，髋关节屈曲范围,膝关节屈曲和脚旋转）通过多尺度熵评估。通过源衍生的事件相关光谱扰动分析了与任务相关的皮层动力学。经验丰富的玩家在多个时间尺度上表现出更高的准确性和总体较低的熵值，这对于髋关节屈曲很重要。脑电图数据显示，在连续的过程中，枕骨α去同步和额叶θ同步的组差异。目前的研究结果表明，有经验的足球运动员可能会表现出熟练的招募和保留传球生物力学的能力，从而提高准确性，而新手可能表现出具有较高空间变异性的探索行为。这种差异可能与通过足球专业知识获得的独特的视觉空间和注意力策略有关。我们的研究提供了对足球中具有出色准确性的专业知识特定行为和皮层动力学的见解，并为其在丰富环境中的前瞻性研究奠定了基础。
