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Abstract：
Free Choice Profiling (FCP) methodology allows observers to qualitatively assess animal behavior using their own vocabulary. This study aims to investigate the ability of 3 different observer groups to recognize pain-related emotions in 20 dogs using FCP methodology, and to compare FCP data with the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale-Short Form (GCPS- SF) scores. The observer groups consisted of 10 dog owners, 10 veterinary students and 10 veterinarians. Ten healthy (\"healthy\") dogs and 10 dogs showing clinical signs of pain (\"pain\") were filmed, and the resulting 20 footages were shown to observers who were blind to the pain-related nature of the study. All observers described and scored animals\' emotional expression using FCP; then, students and veterinarians scored all dogs using GCPS- SF. FCP data were analyzed using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA). Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to determine the correlation among observer groups\' FCP scores of the first two FCP dimensions (DIM1 and DIM2), and to compare GCPS-SF scores with FCP scores for the students and veterinarian observer groups. Each observer group reached a significant (p < 0.001) good consensus profile. \"Healthy\" dogs were mainly described as \"quiet\" and \"lively\", while the majority of \"pain\" dogs were considered \"in pain\" and \"suffering\". The correlation among FCP scores was high between owners\' DIM1 and students\' DIM1 (ρ = -0.86), owners\' DIM2 and students\' DIM2 (ρ = 0.72) and students\' DIM2 and vets\' DIM1 (ρ = 0.70). The correlation between GCPS-SF scores and FCP scores was high for students\' DIM2 (ρ = 0.77) and for veterinarians\' DIM1 (ρ = 0.92). Qualitative methods such as FCP could be used in association with semi-quantitative methods to evaluate the effect of pain on animal emotional expression. Observers\' cultural background and personal experience did not substantially affect qualitative behavioral assessment in dogs with acute somatic pain.
摘要：
自由选择分析（FCP）方法允许观察者使用自己的词汇定性评估动物行为。这项研究的目的是调查3个不同的观察者组的能力，以识别20只狗疼痛相关的情绪，使用FCP方法，并将FCP数据与格拉斯哥综合疼痛量表（GCPS-SF）评分进行比较。观察组由10名狗主人组成，10名兽医学生和10名兽医。拍摄了10只健康（“健康”）狗和10只显示疼痛临床症状（“疼痛”）的狗，并向对研究的疼痛相关性质视而不见的观察者展示了由此产生的20个片段。所有观察者使用FCP对动物的情绪表达进行描述和评分；然后，学生和兽医使用GCPS-SF对所有狗进行评分。使用广义Procrustes分析(GPA)分析FCP数据。Spearman相关系数（ρ）用于确定前两个FCP维度（DIM1和DIM2）的观察者组FCP得分之间的相关性，并将学生和兽医观察组的GCPS-SF得分与FCP得分进行比较。每个观察组达到显著的(p<0.001)良好的共识特征。“健康”的狗主要被描述为“安静”和“活泼”，而大多数“痛苦”的狗被认为是“痛苦”和“痛苦”。所有者\'DIM1和学生\'DIM1之间的FCP分数之间的相关性很高（ρ=-0.86），所有者\'DIM2和学生\'DIM2(ρ=0.72)和学生\'DIM2和兽医\'DIM1(ρ=0.70)。学生的DIM2（ρ=0.77）和兽医的DIM1（ρ=0.92）的GCPS-SF得分与FCP得分之间的相关性很高。定性方法如FCP可与半定量方法结合使用，以评估疼痛对动物情绪表达的影响。观察者的文化背景和个人经验对急性躯体疼痛犬的定性行为评估没有实质性影响。
