Abstract：
An increased prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) has been reported in kidney stone formers (KSFs), along with an elevated cardiovascular risk. The aim of the current study is to assess whether VC in these patients develops at a younger age and is influenced by stone composition. This single-center, matched case-control study included KSFs with uric acid or calcium oxalate stones (diagnosed based on stone analysis) and age- and sex-matched controls without a history of nephrolithiasis. The prevalence and severity of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were compared between KSFs and non-KSFs. In total, 335 patients were investigated: 134 with calcium oxalate stones, 67 with uric acid stones, and 134 controls. Overall, the prevalence of AAC was significantly higher among calcium stone formers than among the controls (67.9% vs. 47%, p = 0.002). In patients under 60 years of age, those with calcium oxalate stones exhibited both a significantly elevated AAC prevalence (61.9% vs. 31.3%, p = 0.016) and severity (94.8 ± 15.4 vs. 30.3 ± 15.95, p = 0.001) compared to the controls. Within the age group of 40-49, osteoporosis was identified only in the KSFs. Multivariate analysis identified age, smoking, and the presence of calcium stones as independent predictors of AAC. This study highlights that VC and osteoporosis occur in KSFs at a younger age than in non-stone-formers, suggesting potential premature VC. Its pathogenesis is intriguing and needs to be elucidated. Early evaluation and intervention may be crucial for mitigating the cardiovascular risk in this population.
摘要：
据报道，肾结石形成者（KSF）的血管钙化（VC）患病率增加，伴随着心血管风险的增加。本研究的目的是评估这些患者的VC是否在年轻时发展并受结石成分的影响。这个单一中心，匹配的病例对照研究包括有尿酸或草酸钙结石的KSFs(根据结石分析诊断)和无肾结石病史的年龄和性别匹配的对照.比较了KSF和非KSF的腹主动脉钙化（AAC）和骨密度（BMD）的发生率和严重程度。总的来说,对335例患者进行了调查：134例草酸钙结石，67与尿酸结石，134个控制。总的来说,钙结石形成者的AAC患病率明显高于对照组(67.9%vs.47%,p=0.002)。在60岁以下的患者中，草酸钙结石患者的AAC患病率均显著升高(61.9%vs.31.3%,p=0.016)和严重性(94.8±15.4vs.与对照组相比，30.3±15.95，p=0.001）。在40-49岁的年龄组中，仅在KSF中发现了骨质疏松症。多变量分析确定的年龄，吸烟,钙结石的存在是AAC的独立预测因子。这项研究强调，与非结石形成者相比，KSF中的VC和骨质疏松症的发生年龄较小，提示潜在的过早VC。其发病机制是有趣的，需要加以阐明。早期评估和干预对于减轻该人群的心血管风险至关重要。
