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Abstract：
The past decade has witnessed a revolution in cancer treatment, shifting from conventional drugs (chemotherapies) towards targeted molecular therapies and immune-based therapies, in particular immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These immunotherapies release the host\'s immune system against the tumor and have shown unprecedented durable remission for patients with cancers that were thought incurable, such as metastatic melanoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), microsatellite instability (MSI) high colorectal cancer and late stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, about 80% of the patients fail to respond to these immunotherapies and are therefore left with other less effective and potentially toxic treatments. Identifying and understanding the mechanisms that enable cancerous cells to adapt to and eventually overcome therapy can help circumvent resistance and improve treatment. In this review, we describe the recent discoveries on the onco-immunological processes which govern the tumor microenvironment and their impact on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade.
摘要：
过去十年见证了癌症治疗的革命，从常规药物（化学疗法）转向靶向分子疗法和基于免疫的疗法，特别是免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)。这些免疫疗法释放宿主对肿瘤的免疫系统，并对那些被认为无法治愈的癌症患者显示出前所未有的持久缓解，例如转移性黑色素瘤，转移性肾细胞癌（RCC），微卫星不稳定性（MSI）高结直肠癌和晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）。然而,约80％的患者对这些免疫疗法没有反应，因此只能接受其他效果较低且潜在毒性的治疗。识别和理解使癌细胞适应并最终克服治疗的机制可以帮助规避耐药性并改善治疗。在这次审查中,我们描述了控制肿瘤微环境的肿瘤免疫过程及其对PD-1/PD-L1检查点阻断耐药性的影响的最新发现.
