PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Enlarging the lateral space of drip tubes saves irrigation equipment costs (drip tubes and bypass), but it will lead to an increased risk of grain yield heterogeneity between wheat rows. Adjusting wheat row spacing is an effective cultivation measure to regulate a row\'s yield heterogeneity. During a 2-year field experiment, we investigated the variations in yield traits and photosynthetic physiology by utilizing two different water- and fertilizer-demanding spring wheat cultivars (NS22 and NS44) under four kinds of drip irrigation patterns with different drip tube lateral spacing and wheat row spacing [① TR4, drip tube spacing (DTS) was 60 cm, wheat row horizontal spacing (WRHS) was 15 cm; ② TR6, DTS was 90 cm, WRHS was 15 cm; ③ TR6L, DTS was 90 cm, WRHS was 10 cm, inter-block spacing (IBS) was 35 cm; and ④ TR6S, DTS was 80 cm, WRHS was 10 cm, IBS was 25 cm]. The results showed that under 15-cm equal row spacing condition, after the number of wheat rows served by a single tube increased from four (TR4, control) to six (TR6), NS22 and NS44 exhibited a marked decline in yield. The decline of NS22 (9.93%) was higher than that of NS44 (9.04%), and both cultivars also showed a greater decrease in grain weight and average grain-filling rate (AGFR) of inferior grains (NS22: 23.19%, 13.97%; NS44: 7.78%, 5.86%) than the superior grains (NS22: 10.60%, 8.33%; NS44: 4.89%, 4.62%). After the TR6 was processed to narrow WRHS (from 15 to 10 cm) and add IBS (TR6L: 35 cm; TR6S: 25 cm), the grain weight per panicle (GWP) and AGFR of superior and inferior grains in the third wheat row (RW3) of NS22 and NS44 under TR6L increased significantly by 26.05%, 8.22%, 14.05%, 10.50%, 5.09%, and 5.01%, respectively, and under TR6S, they significantly increased by 20.78%, 9.91%, 16.19%, 9.28%, 5.01%, and 4.14%, respectively. The increase in GWP and AGFR was related to the increase in flag leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, relative water content, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, and photochemical quenching coefficient. Among TR4, TR6, TR6L, and TR6S, for both NS22 and NS44, the yield of TR6S was significantly higher than that of TR6 and TR6L. Furthermore, TR6S showed the highest economic benefit.
摘要：
扩大滴管的横向空间节省了灌溉设备成本（滴管和旁路），但这将导致小麦行之间谷物产量异质性的风险增加。调整小麦行距是调控行数异质性的有效栽培措施。在为期两年的现场实验中，通过在四种不同滴灌管横距和小麦行距的滴灌模式下，利用两个不同的水和肥料要求的春小麦品种（NS22和NS44），研究了产量性状和光合生理的变化[①TR4，滴管间距（DTS）为60厘米，小麦行水平间距(WRHS)为15cm;②TR6,DTS为90cm,WRHS为15cm;③TR6L,DTS为90厘米，WRHS为10厘米，块间间距(IBS)为35cm；④TR6S，DTS是80厘米，WRHS为10厘米，IBS为25cm]。结果表明，在15厘米等行间距条件下，在单管服务的小麦行数从四个（TR4，对照）增加到六个（TR6）之后，NS22和NS44表现出产率的显著下降。NS22（9.93%）的下降幅度高于NS44（9.04%），并且两个品种的粒重和劣质籽粒的平均籽粒灌浆率（AGFR）下降幅度更大（NS22：23.19％，13.97%;NS44:7.78%,5.86%)比优良晶粒(NS22:10.60%,8.33%;NS44:4.89%,4.62%）。在将TR6处理以缩小WRHS（从15到10厘米）并添加IBS（TR6L：35厘米；TR6S：25厘米）之后，在TR6L下NS22和NS44的第三小麦行（RW3）的每穗粒重（GWP）和劣质粒的AGFR显着增加了26.05％，8.22%，14.05%,10.50%,5.09%,5.01%，分别,根据TR6S，大幅增长20.78%,9.91%,16.19%，9.28%，5.01%,和4.14%，分别。GWP和AGFR的增加与旗叶面积的增加有关，净光合速率，叶绿素含量，相对含水量,PSII的实际光化学效率，和光化学猝灭系数。在TR4、TR6、TR6L、和TR6S，对于NS22和NS44，TR6S的产量均显着高于TR6和TR6L。此外，TR6S表现出最高的经济效益。
