PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Opportunistic infections caused by various bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites can cause esophagitis. The fungus Candida albicans is often believed to be the thief behind this disorder. This condition\'s distinctive signs include the process of inflammation and the development of esophageal ulcers. The underlying immunodeficiency condition in HIV/AIDS patients, especially those in the late stages of the disease, may lead to severe illness or even death if the lowered immune system can no longer combat common infections. These individuals are, therefore, more at risk of contracting diseases like Candidiasis since they already have weakened immune systems. Furthermore, bacteria and mycobacteria can cause esophagitis in the same way that viruses can. Tobacco use, alcohol drinking, and nutritional deficiency are three additional problems that can lead to an HIV esophagitis infection. Complaints of inability to swallow, suffocating feeling or discomfort behind the breastbone, and painful swallowing are the primary symptoms of the patients. White plaques or ulcers observed in the esophagus during an endoscopy can be biopsied for further examination. The presence of C. albicans hyphae and inflammatory infiltrates in these samples confirms the diagnosis of HIV-associated esophagitis. Treatment involves the use of antifungal medications and addressing any underlying causes of esophagitis, which is linked to AIDS. For superficial to moderate infections, fluconazole is typically used first. If the disease is severe or recurs after treatment, intravenous amphotericin B may be necessary. Patients with recurring oral symptoms of HIV esophagitis might also need to take antifungal drugs as a preventative measure.
摘要：
由各种细菌引起的机会性感染，病毒,真菌,或者寄生虫会引起食管炎.真菌白色念珠菌通常被认为是这种疾病背后的小偷。这种情况的独特标志包括炎症过程和食管溃疡的发展。艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的潜在免疫缺陷状况，尤其是那些处于疾病晚期的人，如果降低的免疫系统不能再抵抗常见的感染，可能会导致严重的疾病甚至死亡。这些人是，因此,更多的风险感染疾病，如念珠菌病，因为他们已经削弱了免疫系统。此外，细菌和分枝杆菌可以以与病毒相同的方式引起食管炎。烟草使用,饮酒,和营养缺乏是三个额外的问题，可以导致艾滋病毒食管炎感染。抱怨无法吞咽，胸骨后面令人窒息的感觉或不适，吞咽疼痛是患者的主要症状。在内窥镜检查期间在食道中观察到的白色斑块或溃疡可以进行活检以进行进一步检查。这些样品中白色念珠菌菌丝和炎性浸润物的存在证实了HIV相关食管炎的诊断。治疗包括使用抗真菌药物和解决食管炎的任何潜在原因，这与艾滋病有关。对于浅表到中度感染，通常首先使用氟康唑。如果疾病严重或治疗后复发，可能需要静脉注射两性霉素B.反复出现HIV食管炎口腔症状的患者可能还需要服用抗真菌药物作为预防措施。
