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Abstract：
Pharmaceutical pollutants, a group of emerging contaminants, have attracted outstanding attention in recent years, and their removal from aquatic environments has been addressed. In the current study, a new sponge-based moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was developed to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the pharmaceutical compound Ibuprofen (IBU). A 30-L pilot scale MBBR was constructed, which was continuously fed from the effluent of the first clarifier of the Southern Tehran wastewater treatment plant. The controlled operational parameters were pH in the natural range, Dissolved Oxygen of 1.5-2 mg/L, average suspended mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) of 1.68 ± 0.1 g/L and 1.48 ± 0.1 g/L, respectively. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) (5 h, 10 h, 15 h), filling ratio (10%, 20%, 30%), and initial IBU concentration (2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L) on removal efficiencies was assessed. The findings of this study revealed a COD removal efficiency ranging from 48.9 to 96.7%, with the best removal efficiency observed at an HRT of 10 h, a filling ratio of 20%, and an initial IBU concentration of 2 mg/L. Simultaneously, the IBU removal rate ranged from 25 to 92.7%, with the highest removal efficiency observed under the same HRT and filling ratio, albeit with an initial IBU concentration of 5 mg/L. An extension of HRT from 5 to 10 h significantly improved both COD and IBU removal. However, further extension from 10 to 15 h slightly enhanced the removal efficiency of COD and IBU, and even in some cases, removal efficiency decreased. Based on the obtained results, 20% of the filling ratio was chosen as the optimum state. Increasing the initial concentration of IBU from 2 to 5 mg/L generally improved COD and IBU removal, whereas an increase from 5 to 10 mg/L caused a decline in COD and IBU removal. This study also optimized the reactor\'s efficiency for COD and IBU removal by using response surface methodology (RSM) with independent variables of HRT, filling ratio, and initial IBU concentration. In this regard, the quadratic model was found to be significant. Utilizing the central composite design (CCD), the optimal operating parameters at an HRT of 10 h, a filling ratio of 21%, and an initial IBU concentration of 3 mg/L were pinpointed, achieving the highest COD and IBU removal efficiencies. The present study demonstrated that sponge-based MBBR stands out as a promising technology for COD and IBU removal.
摘要：
制药污染物,一组新出现的污染物，近年来引起了极大的关注，它们从水生环境中的去除已经得到解决。在目前的研究中,开发了一种新的基于海绵的移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR），以去除化学需氧量（COD）和药物化合物布洛芬（IBU）。构建了一个30升的中试规模MBBR，从德黑兰南部污水处理厂的第一个澄清池的废水中连续进料。控制的操作参数是pH值在自然范围内，溶解氧为1.5-2mg/L，平均悬浮混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)，混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS)为1.68±0.1g/L和1.48±0.1g/L,分别。水力停留时间（HRT）（5h，10h,15h),填充率(10%，20%,30%),和初始IBU浓度(2mg/L，5mg/L,评估了10mg/L）的去除效率。这项研究的结果表明，COD的去除效率范围为48.9至96.7％，在HRT为10h时观察到最佳去除效率，20%的填充率，初始IBU浓度为2mg/L同时,IBU去除率从25%到92.7%，在相同的HRT和填充比下观察到最高的去除效率，尽管初始IBU浓度为5mg/L。将HRT从5小时延长至10小时可显着提高COD和IBU的去除。然而,从10小时进一步延长至15小时，对COD和IBU的去除效率略有提高，甚至在某些情况下，去除效率下降。根据获得的结果，选择20%的填充率作为最佳状态。将IBU的初始浓度从2mg/L增加到5mg/L通常可以改善COD和IBU的去除，而从5到10mg/L的增加导致COD和IBU去除率下降。本研究还优化了反应器的效率COD和IBU去除通过使用响应面法（RSM）与HRT的独立变量，填充率，和初始IBU浓度。在这方面,二次模型被发现是显著的。利用中央复合设计（CCD），HRT为10小时时的最佳运行参数，21%的填充率，确定IBU的初始浓度为3mg/L，实现最高的COD和IBU去除效率。本研究表明，基于海绵的MBBR是一种有前途的COD和IBU去除技术。
