Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Molecular imaging of thyroid and parathyroid diseases has changed in recent years due to the introduction of new radiopharmaceuticals and new imaging techniques. Accordingly, we provided an clinicians-oriented overview of such techniques and their indications.
UNASSIGNED: A review of the literature was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus without time or language restrictions through the use of one or more fitting search criteria and terms as well as through screening of references in relevant selected papers. Literature up to and including December 2023 was included. Screening of titles/abstracts and removal of duplicates was performed and the full texts of the remaining potentially relevant articles were retrieved and reviewed.
UNASSIGNED: Thyroid and parathyroid scintigraphy remains integral in patients with thyrotoxicosis, thyroid nodules, differentiated thyroid cancer and, respectively, hyperparathyroidism. In the last years positron-emission tomography with different tracers emerged as a more accurate alternative in evaluating indeterminate thyroid nodules [18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)], differentiated thyroid cancer [124I-iodide, 18F-tetrafluoroborate, 18F-FDG] and hyperparathyroidism [18F-fluorocholine]. Other PET tracers are useful in evaluating relapsing/advanced forms of medullary thyroid cancer (18F-FDOPA) and selecting patients with advanced follicular and medullary thyroid cancers for theranostic treatments (68Ga/177Ga-somatostatin analogues).
UNASSIGNED: A review of the literature was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus without time or language restrictions through the use of one or more fitting search criteria and terms as well as through screening of references in relevant selected papers. Literature up to and including December 2023 was included. Screening of titles/abstracts and removal of duplicates was performed and the full texts of the remaining potentially relevant articles were retrieved and reviewed.
UNASSIGNED: Thyroid and parathyroid scintigraphy remains integral in patients with thyrotoxicosis, thyroid nodules, differentiated thyroid cancer and, respectively, hyperparathyroidism. In the last years positron-emission tomography with different tracers emerged as a more accurate alternative in evaluating indeterminate thyroid nodules [18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)], differentiated thyroid cancer [124I-iodide, 18F-tetrafluoroborate, 18F-FDG] and hyperparathyroidism [18F-fluorocholine]. Other PET tracers are useful in evaluating relapsing/advanced forms of medullary thyroid cancer (18F-FDOPA) and selecting patients with advanced follicular and medullary thyroid cancers for theranostic treatments (68Ga/177Ga-somatostatin analogues).
摘要：
■近年来，由于引入了新的放射性药物和新的成像技术，甲状腺和甲状旁腺疾病的分子成像发生了变化。因此，我们为此类技术及其适应症提供了面向临床医生的概述.
■在PubMed，WebofScience,和Scopus没有时间或语言限制，通过使用一个或多个合适的搜索标准和术语，以及通过筛选相关选定论文中的参考文献。包括2023年12月之前的文学。进行标题/摘要的筛选和重复项的删除，并检索和审查其余潜在相关文章的全文。
■甲状腺和甲状旁腺闪烁显像在甲状腺毒症患者中仍然是不可或缺的，甲状腺结节,分化型甲状腺癌,分别,甲状旁腺功能亢进.在过去的几年中，使用不同示踪剂的正电子发射断层扫描技术在评估不确定的甲状腺结节[18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）]中成为更准确的替代方法。分化型甲状腺癌[124I-碘化物，18F-四氟硼酸盐,18F-FDG]和甲状旁腺功能亢进[18F-氟胆碱]。其他PET示踪剂可用于评估复发性/晚期形式的甲状腺髓样癌（18F-FDOPA），并选择患有晚期滤泡性和甲状腺髓样癌的患者进行治疗（68Ga/177Ga-生长抑素类似物）。
■在PubMed，WebofScience,和Scopus没有时间或语言限制，通过使用一个或多个合适的搜索标准和术语，以及通过筛选相关选定论文中的参考文献。包括2023年12月之前的文学。进行标题/摘要的筛选和重复项的删除，并检索和审查其余潜在相关文章的全文。
■甲状腺和甲状旁腺闪烁显像在甲状腺毒症患者中仍然是不可或缺的，甲状腺结节,分化型甲状腺癌,分别,甲状旁腺功能亢进.在过去的几年中，使用不同示踪剂的正电子发射断层扫描技术在评估不确定的甲状腺结节[18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）]中成为更准确的替代方法。分化型甲状腺癌[124I-碘化物，18F-四氟硼酸盐,18F-FDG]和甲状旁腺功能亢进[18F-氟胆碱]。其他PET示踪剂可用于评估复发性/晚期形式的甲状腺髓样癌（18F-FDOPA），并选择患有晚期滤泡性和甲状腺髓样癌的患者进行治疗（68Ga/177Ga-生长抑素类似物）。
