Abstract：
While many core biological processes are conserved across species, the human brain has evolved with unique capacities. Current understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that endow human traits as well as associated vulnerabilities remains limited. However, emerging data have illuminated species divergence in DNA elements and genome organization, in molecular, morphological, and functional features of conserved neural cell types, as well as temporal differences in brain development. Here, we summarize recent data on unique features of the human brain and their complex implications for the study and treatment of brain diseases. We also consider key outstanding questions in the field and discuss the technologies and foundational knowledge that will be required to accelerate understanding of human neurobiology.
摘要：
虽然许多核心生物过程在物种之间是保守的，人类的大脑已经进化出独特的能力。目前对赋予人类特征以及相关脆弱性的神经生物学机制的理解仍然有限。然而,新出现的数据揭示了DNA元素和基因组组织中的物种差异，在分子中，形态学,和保守神经细胞类型的功能特征，以及大脑发育的时间差异。这里,我们总结了有关人脑独特特征及其对脑疾病研究和治疗的复杂影响的最新数据。我们还考虑了该领域的关键突出问题，并讨论了加速理解人类神经生物学所需的技术和基础知识。
