Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Global navigation satellite system device-derived metrics are commonly represented by discrete zones with intensity often measured by standardizing volume to per-minute of activity duration. This approach is sensitive to imprecision in duration measurement and can lead to highly variable outcomes-transforming data from zones to a gradient may overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate this approach for measuring team-sport activity demands.
METHODS: Data were collected from 129 first-team and 73 academy matches from a Scottish Premiership football club. Gradients were calculated for velocity, acceleration, and deceleration zones, along with per-minute values for several commonly used metrics. Means and 95% CIs were calculated for playing level, as well as first-team positional groups. Within-subject coefficients of variation were also calculated for match level, position, and individual groups.
RESULTS: The gradient approach showed consistency with per-minute metrics when measuring playing level and position groups. With coefficients of variation of 10.8% to 26.9%, the gradients demonstrated lower variability than most per-minute variables, which ranged from 10.7% to 84.5%.
CONCLUSIONS: Gradients are a potentially useful way of describing intensity in team sports and compare favorably to existing intensity variables in their ability to distinguish between match types and position groups, providing evidence that gradient variables can be used to monitor match and training intensity in team sports.
METHODS: Data were collected from 129 first-team and 73 academy matches from a Scottish Premiership football club. Gradients were calculated for velocity, acceleration, and deceleration zones, along with per-minute values for several commonly used metrics. Means and 95% CIs were calculated for playing level, as well as first-team positional groups. Within-subject coefficients of variation were also calculated for match level, position, and individual groups.
RESULTS: The gradient approach showed consistency with per-minute metrics when measuring playing level and position groups. With coefficients of variation of 10.8% to 26.9%, the gradients demonstrated lower variability than most per-minute variables, which ranged from 10.7% to 84.5%.
CONCLUSIONS: Gradients are a potentially useful way of describing intensity in team sports and compare favorably to existing intensity variables in their ability to distinguish between match types and position groups, providing evidence that gradient variables can be used to monitor match and training intensity in team sports.
摘要：
目的：全球导航卫星系统设备衍生的度量通常由离散区域表示，其强度通常通过将活动持续时间的体积标准化为每分钟来测量。这种方法对持续时间测量的不精确敏感，并且可能导致高度可变的结果-将数据从区域转换为梯度可以克服这个问题。这项研究的目的是批判性地评估这种方法来衡量团队运动活动的需求。
方法：数据来自苏格兰英超足球俱乐部的129个一线队和73个学院比赛。计算了速度的梯度，加速度,和减速区，以及几个常用指标的每分钟值。平均值和95%CI是为比赛水平计算的，以及一线队的位置小组。还计算了匹配水平的受试者内变异系数，position,和个人团体。
结果：梯度方法在测量比赛水平和位置组时显示出与每分钟指标的一致性。变异系数为10.8%至26.9%，梯度显示出比大多数每分钟变量更低的变异性，从10.7%到84.5%不等。
结论：梯度是描述团队运动强度的潜在有用方法，并且在区分比赛类型和位置组的能力方面与现有强度变量相比具有优势。提供证据表明梯度变量可用于监测团队运动中的比赛和训练强度。
方法：数据来自苏格兰英超足球俱乐部的129个一线队和73个学院比赛。计算了速度的梯度，加速度,和减速区，以及几个常用指标的每分钟值。平均值和95%CI是为比赛水平计算的，以及一线队的位置小组。还计算了匹配水平的受试者内变异系数，position,和个人团体。
结果：梯度方法在测量比赛水平和位置组时显示出与每分钟指标的一致性。变异系数为10.8%至26.9%，梯度显示出比大多数每分钟变量更低的变异性，从10.7%到84.5%不等。
结论：梯度是描述团队运动强度的潜在有用方法，并且在区分比赛类型和位置组的能力方面与现有强度变量相比具有优势。提供证据表明梯度变量可用于监测团队运动中的比赛和训练强度。
