Abstract：
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local inflammation of the upper airway and sinus mucosa. T cell-mediated immune responses play irreplaceable roles in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. CD161+ T cells have been implicated in the pathology of several diseases through cytokine production and cytotoxic activity. However, the immunological characteristics of CD161+ T cells in nasal mucosa are still not well understood, particularly in CRSwNPs. Our research revealed a notable enrichment of CD161+ T cells in nasal tissues compared to peripheral blood, with a significantly more infiltration of CD161+ T cells in CRSwNPs compared to control nasal samples. Phenotypical analysis found that CD161+ T cells predominantly co-expressed tissue-resident memory surface markers CD103, CD69, and CD45RO. CD161+CD103+ T cells demonstrated complicated effector functions, marked by elevated levels of PD-1, CTLA-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ and diminished expression of FoxP3 and CD25. Interestingly, despite CD161+ T cells was more abundant in polyp tissues compared to normal control tissues, and then further categorizing polyp samples into distinct groups based on clinical characteristics, only the recurrent CRSwNP group showed a significant reduction in CD161+CD8+ T cells compared to the primary CRSwNP group. This finding suggested the necessity for further research to comprehensively understand the underlying mechanisms and the broader significance of CD161+ T cells in the advancement and relapse of CRSwNPs.
摘要：
慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNPs）是一种异质性疾病，其特征是上呼吸道和鼻窦粘膜的局部炎症。T细胞介导的免疫反应在鼻息肉的发病机制中起着不可替代的作用。CD161+T细胞通过细胞因子产生和细胞毒性活性与几种疾病的病理学有关。然而,CD161+T细胞在鼻黏膜中的免疫学特性仍未被很好地理解,特别是在CRSwNP中。我们的研究表明，与外周血相比，鼻组织中CD161+T细胞显着富集，与对照鼻样品相比，CRSwNP中CD161+T细胞的浸润明显更多。表型分析发现CD161+T细胞主要共表达组织驻留记忆表面标志物CD103、CD69和CD45RO。CD161+CD103+T细胞表现出复杂的效应子功能，以PD-1，CTLA-4，IL-17和IFN-γ的水平升高以及FoxP3和CD25的表达减少为标志。有趣的是,尽管与正常对照组织相比，CD161+T细胞在息肉组织中更丰富，然后根据临床特征将息肉样本进一步分为不同的组，与原发性CRSwNP组相比,只有复发性CRSwNP组显示CD161+CD8+T细胞显著减少.这一发现表明需要进一步研究以全面了解CD161+T细胞在CRSwNP的进展和复发中的潜在机制和更广泛的意义。
