Abstract：
Genetic and epigenetic variations produced via cell and tissue culture open up new sources of variability intra-species which can be used to improve crops. The use of in vitro generated somaclonal variations for selecting novel variants aids in the development of novel genotypes having desirable agronomic traits that can be released as varieties or utilized for breeding purposes. Horticultural crops give higher yield and productivity per unit area than other crops, as well as provide good economic returns which have led to an increase in their potential benefits throughout time. The last three to four decades have seen the selection and release of a number of valuable somaclonal variants, many of which possess remarkable features including disease resistance, high yield, improved nutritional quality and abiotic stress tolerance. Generating somaclonal variations has given breeders a novel alternative option for obtaining genetic diversity in horticultural crops and without advanced technologies. The variations introduced through tissue culture process, methods to determine and validate genetic changes in vitro regenerated plantlets, along with prospective application of such variations in horticultural crops\' improvement are reviewed in the present work.
摘要：
通过细胞和组织培养产生的遗传和表观遗传变异开辟了可用于改良作物的种内变异性的新来源。使用体外产生的体细胞克隆变异来选择新变体有助于开发具有所需农艺性状的新基因型,其可以作为品种释放或用于育种目的。园艺作物比其他作物提供更高的产量和单位面积生产率，以及提供良好的经济回报，这导致他们的潜在利益在整个时间内增加。在过去的三到四十年中，人们选择和释放了许多有价值的体细胞克隆变异体，其中许多具有显着的特征，包括抗病性，高产,提高营养品质和非生物胁迫耐受性。产生体细胞克隆变异为育种者提供了一种新颖的替代选择，可以在没有先进技术的情况下获得园艺作物的遗传多样性。通过组织培养过程引入的变异，确定和验证体外再生植株遗传变化的方法，随着这种变化在园艺作物中的应用前景，在目前的工作中进行了综述。
