PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Pathogen spillover corresponds to the transmission of a pathogen or parasite from an original host species to a novel host species, preluding disease emergence. Understanding the interacting factors that lead to pathogen transmission in a zoonotic cycle could help identify novel hosts of pathogens and the patterns that lead to disease emergence. We hypothesize that ecological and biogeographic factors drive host encounters, infection susceptibility, and cross-species spillover transmission. Using a rodent-ectoparasite system in the Neotropics, with shared ectoparasite associations as a proxy for ecological interaction between rodent species, we assessed relationships between rodents using geographic range, phylogenetic relatedness, and ectoparasite associations to determine the roles of generalist and specialist hosts in the transmission cycle of hantavirus. A total of 50 rodent species were ranked on their centrality in a network model based on ectoparasites sharing. Geographic proximity and phylogenetic relatedness were predictors for rodents to share ectoparasite species and were associated with shorter network path distance between rodents through shared ectoparasites. The rodent-ectoparasite network model successfully predicted independent data of seven known hantavirus hosts. The model predicted five novel rodent species as potential, unrecognized hantavirus hosts in South America. Findings suggest that ectoparasite data, geographic range, and phylogenetic relatedness of wildlife species could help predict novel hosts susceptible to infection and possible transmission of zoonotic pathogens. Hantavirus is a high-consequence zoonotic pathogen with documented animal-to-animal, animal-to-human, and human-to-human transmission. Predictions of new rodent hosts can guide active epidemiological surveillance in specific areas and wildlife species to mitigate hantavirus spillover transmission risk from rodents to humans. This study supports the idea that ectoparasite relationships among rodents are a proxy of host species interactions and can inform transmission cycles of diverse pathogens circulating in wildlife disease systems, including wildlife viruses with epidemic potential, such as hantavirus.
摘要：
病原体溢出对应于病原体或寄生虫从原始宿主物种向新宿主物种的传播。疾病的出现。了解在人畜共患周期中导致病原体传播的相互作用因素可以帮助识别病原体的新宿主和导致疾病出现的模式。我们假设生态和生物地理因素驱动宿主相遇，感染易感性，和跨物种溢出传播。在新热带地区使用啮齿动物-外寄生虫系统，共同的外寄生虫协会作为啮齿动物物种之间生态相互作用的代理，我们使用地理范围评估了啮齿动物之间的关系，系统发育相关性，和外寄生虫协会，以确定通才和专家宿主在汉坦病毒传播周期中的作用。在基于外寄生虫共享的网络模型中，总共对50种啮齿动物进行了中心性排名。地理接近性和系统发育相关性是啮齿动物共享外寄生虫物种的预测因子，并且与啮齿动物之间通过共享外寄生虫的网络路径距离较短有关。啮齿动物-外寄生虫网络模型成功预测了七个已知汉坦病毒宿主的独立数据。该模型预测了五种新的啮齿动物是潜在的，南美未识别的汉坦病毒宿主。研究结果表明，外寄生虫的数据，地理范围,野生动物物种的系统发育相关性可以帮助预测易受感染和人畜共患病原体可能传播的新宿主。汉坦病毒是一种高后果的人畜共患病原体，动物对人类,和人与人之间的传播。对新的啮齿动物宿主的预测可以指导特定地区和野生动植物物种的积极流行病学监测，以减轻汉坦病毒从啮齿动物向人类的溢出传播风险。这项研究支持以下观点：啮齿动物之间的体外寄生虫关系是宿主物种相互作用的代理，并且可以告知在野生动植物疾病系统中循环的多种病原体的传播周期。包括具有流行潜力的野生动物病毒，比如汉坦病毒。
