Abstract：
During myelination, large quantities of proteins are synthesized and transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-trans-Golgi network (TGN) to their appropriate locations within the intracellular region and/or plasma membrane. It is widely believed that oligodendrocytes uptake neuronal signals from neurons to regulate the endocytosis- and exocytosis-mediated intracellular trafficking of major myelin proteins such as myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1). The small GTPases of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation factor (Arf) family constitute a large group of signal transduction molecules that act as regulators for intracellular signaling, vesicle sorting, or membrane trafficking in cells. Studies on mice deficient in Schwann cell-specific Arfs-related genes have revealed abnormal myelination formation in peripheral nerves, indicating that Arfs-mediated signaling transduction is required for myelination in Schwann cells. However, the complex roles in these events remain poorly understood. This review aims to provide an update on signal transduction, focusing on Arf and its activator ArfGEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf) in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Future studies are expected to provide important information regarding the cellular and physiological processes underlying the myelination of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells and their function in modulating neural activity.
摘要：
在髓鞘形成期间,大量的蛋白质被合成并从内质网(ER)-反式高尔基网络(TGN)转运到胞内区域和/或质膜内的适当位置。广泛认为少突胶质细胞从神经元摄取神经元信号以调节主要髓磷脂蛋白如髓磷脂相关糖蛋白(MAG)和蛋白脂质蛋白1(PLP1)的胞吞作用和胞吐作用介导的细胞内运输。二磷酸腺苷（ADP）核糖基化因子（Arf）家族的小GTP酶构成了一大组信号转导分子，充当细胞内信号传导的调节剂，囊泡分选，或者细胞中的膜运输。对缺乏雪旺氏细胞特异性Arfs相关基因的小鼠的研究表明，周围神经中的髓鞘形成异常，表明Arfs介导的信号转导是施万细胞髓鞘形成所必需的。然而,这些事件中的复杂角色仍然知之甚少。这篇综述旨在提供有关信号转导的最新信息，重点研究了少突胶质细胞和雪旺细胞中的Arf及其激活剂ArfGEF（Arf的鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子）。预计未来的研究将提供有关少突胶质细胞和雪旺氏细胞髓鞘形成的细胞和生理过程以及它们在调节神经活动中的功能的重要信息。
