PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Grape pomace is the main by-product obtained from wine production that is still enriched in bioactive compounds. Within a framework of waste/by-product reuse through a sustainable approach, various green methods were utilized in this work to recover anthocyanins from the pomace resulting from \"Sangiovese\" grape vinification. Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extractions (UAE and MAE) were coupled with the use of green solvents, such as acidified water, an ethanol/water mixture, and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES), and their efficacy was compared with that of a conventional method based on a methanol/acidified water mixture. The Total Anthocyanin Index ranged from 36.9 to 75.2 mg/g DW for UAE, and from 54.4 to 99.6 mg/g DW for MAE, while resulting in 47.1 mg/g DW for conventional extraction. A Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was applied to MAE, the most efficient technique. Temperature, time, and the solid-to-liquid ratio were set as X variables, while malvidin-3-O-glucoside content and antioxidant activity were used as response variables, measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. The correlation between temperature and time and the antioxidant activity of the extract was positive, while it was found to be negative when considering malvidin-3-O-glucoside concentration as a response variable. Thus, the optimal conditions in temperature, time and solid-to-liquid ratio were different depending on the chosen variable. The results underline the importance of selecting an accurate response when using the response surface methodology approach.
摘要：
葡萄果渣是从葡萄酒生产中获得的主要副产品，仍然富含生物活性化合物。在通过可持续方法进行废物/副产品再利用的框架内，在这项工作中，使用了各种绿色方法从“Sangiovese”葡萄酿酒产生的果渣中回收花青素。超声和微波辅助提取（UAE和MAE）与绿色溶剂的使用相结合，如酸化水，乙醇/水混合物，和天然深共晶溶剂（NaDES），并将其功效与基于甲醇/酸化水混合物的常规方法进行了比较。阿联酋的总花色苷指数范围为36.9至75.2mg/gDW，MAE的DW从54.4到99.6mg/g，而常规提取的DW为47.1mg/g。将实验设计(DoE)方法应用于MAE，最有效的技术。温度,时间,固液比设置为X变量，而malvidin-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量和抗氧化活性被用作响应变量，通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD）和2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼（DPPH）测定，分别。温度和时间与提取物的抗氧化活性呈正相关，而当考虑malvidin-3-O-葡糖苷浓度作为响应变量时，发现为阴性。因此，温度的最佳条件，时间和固液比根据所选择的变量而不同.结果强调了使用响应面方法时选择准确响应的重要性。
