PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common form of non-scarring alopecia characterized by acute hair loss. Nail involvement, though not always present, can occur in AA patients. Nail changes are more frequent in severe forms of AA and in children. Methods: Literature related to nail changes in AA was comprehensively reviewed after a search on the PubMed database without time restrictions in order to identify common clinical presentations and associated factors to aid clinicians with the correct evaluation and management of these dystrophies. Results: Nail changes in AA include pitting, trachyonychia, leukonychia, red lunula, and miscellaneous alterations such as longitudinal ridging and brittle nails. Nail changes are usually asymptomatic but, nevertheless, sometimes cosmetically disfiguring and can be associated with a reduced quality of life and impaired daily activities. Conclusions: Nail changes in AA may precede or follow hair loss and can occur as an isolated finding. Diagnosis may require a biopsy for definitive identification. Spontaneous improvement is possible, particularly in children, and treatment is not always necessary. Further research is, however, needed to establish a consensus on treatment approaches according to age and severity.
摘要：
背景：斑秃（AA）是一种常见的非瘢痕性脱发，其特征是急性脱发。指甲参与，虽然并不总是存在，可发生于AA患者。在严重的AA和儿童中，指甲的变化更为频繁。方法：在没有时间限制的PubMed数据库上进行搜索后，对与AA指甲变化有关的文献进行了全面回顾，以确定常见的临床表现和相关因素，以帮助临床医生正确评估和管理这些营养不良。结果：AA的指甲变化包括点蚀，硬甲癣,白甲,红色Lunula,和杂项的变化，如纵向脊线和脆性钉子。指甲变化通常是无症状的，但是，然而，有时美容毁容，可能与生活质量下降和日常活动受损有关。结论：AA的指甲变化可能在脱发之前或之后发生，并且可以作为孤立的发现发生。诊断可能需要活检以明确识别。自发改善是可能的，特别是在儿童中，治疗并不总是必要的。进一步的研究是,然而,需要根据年龄和严重程度就治疗方法达成共识。
