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Abstract：
Background: Children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are at an increased risk of developing emotional disorders. This study aims to explore this question in greater depth by addressing three objectives: (1) the presence of neuroticism as an indicator of emotional symptomatology, (2) the use of adaptive and non-adaptive emotional regulation strategies, and (3) the relationship between these strategies and neuroticism. Methods: A case-control correlational methodology was employed, with 60 children and adolescents with CL/P (mean age = 12.80 years; 33 females) and 60 non-clinical equivalent children and adolescents. Results: The CL/P group has higher scores on neuroticism (t = -7.74; p ≤ 0.001, d Cohen = 1.43) and lower scores in almost all emotional regulation strategies. The presence of CL/P moderated the relationship between neuroticism and self-blame (Beta = -0.46, t = -2.81, p = 0.005), rumination (Beta = -0.49, t = -3.73, p < 0.001), catastrophizing (Beta = -0.61, t = -4.26, p < 0.001), and blaming others (Beta = -0.45, t = -2.84, p = 0.005). This model predicted a significant variance of neuroticism (all p < 0.005), which ranged from 39% to 41%. Conclusions: The CL/P group has worse mental health indicators. Particularly novel results about the CL/P group are the lower scores on regulation strategies (both adaptive and non-adaptive) and the fact that non-adaptive strategies contribute, contrary to their effect in the general population, to a decrease in neuroticism. It supports the need to incorporate mental health indicators in the diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with CL/P.
摘要：
背景：唇裂和/或腭裂（CL/P）的儿童和青少年患情绪障碍的风险增加。本研究旨在通过解决三个目标来更深入地探讨这个问题：（1）神经质作为情绪症状学指标的存在，(2)采用适应性和非适应性情绪调节策略,(3)这些策略与神经质的关系。方法：采用病例对照相关方法，有60名患有CL/P的儿童和青少年（平均年龄=12.80岁；33名女性）和60名非临床等效儿童和青少年。结果：CL/P组在神经质方面得分较高（t=-7.74；p≤0.001，dCohen=1.43），在几乎所有情绪调节策略中得分较低。CL/P的存在缓和了神经质与自责之间的关系（Beta=-0.46，t=-2.81，p=0.005），反思性(β=-0.49，t=-3.73，p<0.001)，灾难化(β=-0.61，t=-4.26，p<0.001)，并责怪他人(β=-0.45，t=-2.84，p=0.005)。该模型预测了神经质的显著方差(所有p<0.005)，从39%到41%不等。结论:CL/P组心理健康指标较差。关于CL/P组的特别新颖的结果是调节策略（适应性和非适应性）得分较低，并且非适应性策略有所贡献，与它们对普通人群的影响相反，神经质的减少。它支持在患有CL/P的儿童和青少年的诊断和治疗中纳入心理健康指标的必要性。
