PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Despite decades of literature on (de)hydration in healthy individuals, many unanswered questions remain. To outline research and policy priorities, it is fundamental to recognize the literature trends on (de)hydration and identify current research gaps, which herein we aimed to pinpoint. From a representative sample of 180 (de)hydration studies with 4350 individuals, we found that research is mainly limited to small-scale laboratory-based sample sizes, with high variability in demographics (sex, age, and level of competition); to non-ecological (highly simulated and controlled) conditions; and with a focus on recreationally active male adults (e.g., Tier 1, non-athletes). The laboratory-simulated environments are limiting factors underpinning the need to better translate scientific research into field studies. Although, consistently, dehydration is defined as the loss of 2% of body weight, the hydration status is estimated using a very heterogeneous range of parameters. Water is the most researched hydration fluid, followed by alcoholic beverages with added carbohydrates (CHO). The current research still overlooks beverages supplemented with proteins, amino acids (AA), and glycerol. Future research should invest more effort in \"real-world\" studies with larger and more heterogeneous cohorts, exploring the entire available spectrum of fluids while addressing hydration outcomes more harmoniously.
摘要：
尽管数十年来有关健康个体（脱水）的文献，许多未回答的问题仍然存在。概述研究和政策重点，认识到(去)水化的文献趋势并确定当前的研究差距是至关重要的，我们在这里旨在指出这一点。从具有代表性的180个（脱水）研究样本中，有4350个人，我们发现研究主要限于小规模的实验室样本量，人口统计学的高度变异性(性别，年龄,和竞争水平)；对非生态(高度模拟和受控)条件；并侧重于娱乐性活跃的男性成年人(例如，第1层，非运动员）。实验室模拟环境是限制因素，支持将科学研究更好地转化为实地研究的需要。虽然,始终如一，脱水被定义为失去2%的体重，水合状态是使用非常异质的参数范围来估计的。水是研究最多的水化流体,其次是添加碳水化合物（CHO）的酒精饮料。目前的研究仍然忽略了补充蛋白质的饮料，氨基酸(AA),和甘油。未来的研究应该在“真实世界”的研究中投入更多的精力，这些研究具有更大和更异质的队列，探索整个可用的流体范围，同时更和谐地解决水合结果。
