PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In this paper, the characteristics of 40 so far described virophages-parasites of giant viruses-are given, and the similarities and differences between virophages and satellite viruses, which also, like virophages, require helper viruses for replication, are described. The replication of virophages taking place at a specific site-the viral particle factory of giant viruses-and its consequences are presented, and the defence mechanisms of virophages for giant virus hosts, as a protective action for giant virus hosts-protozoa and algae-are approximated. The defence systems of giant viruses against virophages were also presented, which are similar to the CRISPR/Cas defence system found in bacteria and in Archea. These facts, and related to the very specific biological features of virophages (specific site of replication, specific mechanisms of their defensive effects for giant virus hosts, defence systems in giant viruses against virophages), indicate that virophages, and their host giant viruses, are biological objects, forming a \'novelty\' in biology.
摘要：
在本文中,给出了迄今为止描述的40个病毒体-巨型病毒的寄生虫的特征，以及病毒和卫星病毒之间的异同，这也是,像virophages，需要辅助病毒进行复制，被描述。病毒的复制发生在一个特定位点——巨大病毒的病毒颗粒工厂——及其后果被呈现出来，以及病毒体对巨型病毒宿主的防御机制，作为对巨型病毒宿主-原生动物和藻类-的保护作用。还介绍了巨型病毒对病毒的防御系统，这类似于在细菌和太古代植物中发现的CRISPR/Cas防御系统。这些事实,并与病毒体的非常特定的生物学特征(特定的复制位点，它们对巨型病毒宿主的防御作用的特定机制，针对病毒体的巨型病毒的防御系统)，表明病毒，以及它们的宿主巨型病毒，是生物物体，在生物学中形成一种“新颖性”。
