PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Despite the crucial role of the gut microbiota in different physiological processes occurring in the animal body, reports regarding the gut microbiota of animals residing in different environmental conditions like high altitude and different climate settings are limited. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is renowned for its extreme climatic conditions that provide an ideal environment for exploring the effects of high altitude and temperature on the microbiota of animals. Yaks have unique oxygen delivery systems and genes related to hypoxic response. Damxung, Nyêmo, and Linzhou counties in Tibet have variable altitudes and temperatures that offer distinct settings for studying yak adaptation to elevated terrains. The results of our study suggest that amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions yielded 13,683 bacterial and 1912 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Alpha and beta diversity indicated distinct microbial structures. Dominant bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota. Genera UCG-005, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were dominant in confined yaks living in Damxung county (DXS) and yaks living in Linzhou county (LZS), whereas UCG-005 prevailed in confined yaks living in Nyêmo county (NMS). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis highlighted genus-level differences. Meta-stat analysis revealed significant shifts in bacterial and fungal community composition in yaks at different high altitudes and temperatures. Bacterial taxonomic analysis revealed that two phyla and 32 genera differed significantly (p < 0.05). Fungal taxonomic analysis revealed that three phyla and four genera differed significantly (p < 0.05). Functional predictions indicated altered metabolic functions, especially in the digestive system of yaks living in NMS. This study reveals significant shifts in yak gut microbiota in response to varying environmental factors, such as altitude and temperature, shedding light on previously unexplored aspects of yak physiology in extreme environments.
摘要：
尽管肠道微生物群在动物体内发生的不同生理过程中起着至关重要的作用，关于居住在不同环境条件如高海拔和不同气候环境中的动物的肠道微生物群的报道是有限的。青藏高原以其极端的气候条件而闻名，为探索高海拔和温度对动物微生物群的影响提供了理想的环境。牦牛具有独特的氧传递系统和与缺氧反应相关的基因。Damxung,尼莫,西藏和林州县的海拔高度和温度各不相同，为研究牦牛对高架地形的适应性提供了独特的环境。我们的研究结果表明，V3-V4和内部转录间隔区2（ITS2）区域的扩增子测序产生了13,683个细菌和1912个真菌扩增子序列变体（ASV）。α和β多样性表明不同的微生物结构。主要的细菌门是Firmicutes，拟杆菌,和放线菌.UCG-005属，Christensenellaceae_R-7_组，和Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_群在居住在当雄县（DXS）的封闭牦牛和居住在林州县（LZS）的牦牛中占主导地位，而UCG-005在居住在尼莫县（NMS）的封闭牦牛中盛行。线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)分析突出了属水平差异。Meta-stat分析显示，在不同的高海拔和温度下，牦牛的细菌和真菌群落组成发生了显着变化。细菌分类分析表明，两个门和32个属存在显着差异（p<0.05）。真菌分类分析表明，三个门和四个属存在显着差异（p<0.05）。功能预测表明代谢功能改变，尤其是在NMS中生活的牦牛的消化系统中。这项研究揭示了牦牛肠道菌群在不同环境因素下的显著变化，比如海拔和温度，揭示了极端环境中牦牛生理的先前未探索的方面。
