PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Life expectancy at birth is considered a parameter of the social development, health system, or economic development of a country. We aimed to investigate the effects of GDP per capita (as the economic factor), health care expenditure, the number of medical doctors (as social factors), and CO2 emissions (as the environmental factor) on life expectancy. We used panel data analysis for 13 Eastern European countries over the 2000-2020 period. After performing the analysis, we used a cross-country fixed-effects panel (GLS with SUR weights). According to our model, a one percent increase in health expenditure (as % of GDP) increases life expectancy at birth by 0.376 years, whereas each additional medical doctor per 10,000 inhabitants increases life expectancy at birth by 0.088 years on average. At the same time, each additional 10,000 USD per capita each year would increase life expectancy at birth by 1.8 years on average. If CO2 emissions increase by 1 metric ton per capita, life expectancy at birth would decrease by 0.24 years, suggesting that higher carbon emissions are capable of reducing longevity. Every European country has to make special efforts to increase the life expectancy of its inhabitants by applying economic and health policies focused on the well-being of the population.
摘要：
出生时的预期寿命被认为是社会发展的一个参数，卫生系统,或一个国家的经济发展。我们的目的是调查人均GDP(作为经济因素)的影响，医疗保健支出，医生的数量（作为社会因素），和二氧化碳排放(作为环境因素)对预期寿命的影响。我们使用2000-2020年期间13个东欧国家的面板数据分析。进行分析后，我们使用了跨国固定效应面板(具有SUR权重的GLS)。根据我们的模型,卫生支出增加百分之一（占GDP的百分比）将使出生时的预期寿命增加0.376岁，而每10,000名居民每增加一名医生，出生时的预期寿命平均增加0.088岁。同时,人均每年增加10,000美元将使出生时的预期寿命平均增加1.8岁。如果人均二氧化碳排放量增加1公吨，出生时的预期寿命将减少0.24岁，表明更高的碳排放能够减少寿命。每个欧洲国家都必须做出特别努力，通过实施侧重于人口福祉的经济和卫生政策来提高其居民的预期寿命。
