Abstract：
Traditional medication and alternative therapies have long been used to treat breast cancer. One of the main problems with current treatments is that there is an increase in drug resistance in the cancer cells owing to genetic differences such as mutational changes, epigenetic changes and miRNA (microRNA) alterations such as miR-1246, miR-298, miR-27b and miR-33a, along with epigenetic modifications, such as Histone3 acetylation and CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF) hypermethylation for drug resistance in breast cancer cell lines. Certain forms of conventional drug resistance have been linked to genetic changes in genes such as ABCB1, AKT, S100A8/A9, TAGLN2 and NPM. This review aims to explore the current approaches to counter breast cancer, the action mechanism, along with novel therapeutic methods endowing potential drug resistance. The investigation of novel therapeutic approaches sheds light on the phenomenon of drug resistance including genetic variations that impact distinct forms of oestrogen receptor (ER) cancer, genetic changes, epigenetics-reported resistance and their identification in patients. Long-term effective therapy for breast cancer includes selective oestrogen receptor modulators, selective oestrogen receptor degraders and genetic variations, such as mutations in nuclear genes, epigenetic modifications and miRNA alterations in target proteins. Novel research addressing combinational therapies including maytansine, photodynamic therapy, guajadiol, talazoparib, COX2 inhibitors and miRNA 1246 inhibitors have been developed to improve patient survival rates.
摘要：
传统药物和替代疗法长期以来一直用于治疗乳腺癌。当前治疗的主要问题之一是由于突变等遗传差异，癌细胞的耐药性增加。表观遗传变化和miRNA（microRNA）变化，如miR-1246，miR-298，miR-27b和miR-33a，随着表观遗传修饰，例如组蛋白3乙酰化和CCCTC-结合因子（CTCF）超甲基化在乳腺癌细胞系中的耐药性。某些形式的常规耐药性与基因的遗传变化有关，例如ABCB1，AKT，S100A8/A9,TAGLN2和NPM。这篇综述旨在探索当前对抗乳腺癌的方法，作用机制,以及赋予潜在耐药性的新型治疗方法。对新型治疗方法的研究揭示了耐药现象，包括影响不同形式的雌激素受体（ER）癌症的遗传变异。遗传变化,表观遗传学报告的耐药性及其在患者中的鉴定。乳腺癌的长期有效治疗包括选择性雌激素受体调节剂，选择性雌激素受体降解和遗传变异，比如核基因的突变，靶蛋白中的表观遗传修饰和miRNA改变。针对包括美登素在内的组合疗法的新研究，光动力疗法,guajadiol,talazoparib,已经开发了COX2抑制剂和miRNA1246抑制剂以提高患者存活率。
