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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: To assess the risk of depression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in a tertiary care center and the effect of treatment on depression scores.
METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between November 2021 and June 2022 and included adult patients (≥14 years) with CRS. The validated Arabic or English Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used before treatment and 3 to 6 months after surgery and maximal medical treatment. PHQ-9 scores were compared at baseline and follow-up visits. The relationship between changes in SNOT-22 and PHQ-9 scores were assessed using Spearman\'s correlation and simple linear regression.
RESULTS: Overall, 38 participants with a mean ± SD age of 32.7 ± 12 years were enrolled. CRS with nasal polyps (55.26%) was the most frequently seen condition, followed by allergic fungal CRS (31.58%) and CRS without nasal polyps (13.16%). Six patients (15.7%) had PHQ-9 scores ≥10, indicating they had major depressive disorder. PHQ-9 and SNOT-22 scores improved significantly after treatment (3.7 ± 5.8 vs 6.5 ± 6.9 pretreatment, P = .001; 20.7 ± 20.5 vs 45.6 ± 28.9 pretreatment, P < .0001, respectively). Mean ± SD change in PHQ-9 and SNOT-22 scores was -2.7 ± 7 and -24.9 ± 29.8, respectively. SNOT-22 and PHQ-9 scores were positively correlated (r = .522, P < .001). PHQ-9 score change was significantly associated with SNOT-22 score change (β = .178, 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.23, P < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: CRS affects the quality of life and psychological well-being of patients. Patient-centered care with maximal medical and surgical treatment help overcome its deleterious consequences.
METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between November 2021 and June 2022 and included adult patients (≥14 years) with CRS. The validated Arabic or English Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used before treatment and 3 to 6 months after surgery and maximal medical treatment. PHQ-9 scores were compared at baseline and follow-up visits. The relationship between changes in SNOT-22 and PHQ-9 scores were assessed using Spearman\'s correlation and simple linear regression.
RESULTS: Overall, 38 participants with a mean ± SD age of 32.7 ± 12 years were enrolled. CRS with nasal polyps (55.26%) was the most frequently seen condition, followed by allergic fungal CRS (31.58%) and CRS without nasal polyps (13.16%). Six patients (15.7%) had PHQ-9 scores ≥10, indicating they had major depressive disorder. PHQ-9 and SNOT-22 scores improved significantly after treatment (3.7 ± 5.8 vs 6.5 ± 6.9 pretreatment, P = .001; 20.7 ± 20.5 vs 45.6 ± 28.9 pretreatment, P < .0001, respectively). Mean ± SD change in PHQ-9 and SNOT-22 scores was -2.7 ± 7 and -24.9 ± 29.8, respectively. SNOT-22 and PHQ-9 scores were positively correlated (r = .522, P < .001). PHQ-9 score change was significantly associated with SNOT-22 score change (β = .178, 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.23, P < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: CRS affects the quality of life and psychological well-being of patients. Patient-centered care with maximal medical and surgical treatment help overcome its deleterious consequences.
摘要：
背景：评估三级护理中心慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）患者的抑郁风险以及治疗对抑郁评分的影响。
方法：这项前瞻性队列研究在费萨尔国王专科医院和研究中心进行，利雅得,沙特阿拉伯,2021年11月至2022年6月，纳入患有CRS的成年患者(≥14岁)。在治疗前以及手术和最大程度的药物治疗后3至6个月使用经过验证的阿拉伯语或英语鼻窦结局测试（SNOT-22）和患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）。在基线和随访时比较PHQ-9评分。使用Spearman相关和简单线性回归评估SNOT-22和PHQ-9评分变化之间的关系。
结果：总体而言，38名平均±SD年龄为32.7±12岁的参与者入组。CRS伴鼻息肉（55.26%）是最常见的病症，其次是过敏性真菌CRS（31.58％）和无鼻息肉的CRS（13.16％）。6例患者（15.7%）的PHQ-9评分≥10分，表明他们患有重度抑郁症。治疗后PHQ-9和SNOT-22评分显著改善(3.7±5.8vs6.5±6.9,P=.001；20.7±20.5与45.6±28.9预处理，分别为P<.0001)。PHQ-9和SNOT-22评分的平均±SD变化分别为-2.7±7和-24.9±29.8。SNOT-22与PHQ-9评分呈正相关(r=.522,P<.001)。PHQ-9评分变化与SNOT-22评分变化显著相关(β=0.178,95%置信区间0.12-0.23,P<0.0001)。
结论：CRS影响患者的生活质量和心理健康。以患者为中心的护理以及最大的医疗和手术治疗有助于克服其有害后果。
方法：这项前瞻性队列研究在费萨尔国王专科医院和研究中心进行，利雅得,沙特阿拉伯,2021年11月至2022年6月，纳入患有CRS的成年患者(≥14岁)。在治疗前以及手术和最大程度的药物治疗后3至6个月使用经过验证的阿拉伯语或英语鼻窦结局测试（SNOT-22）和患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）。在基线和随访时比较PHQ-9评分。使用Spearman相关和简单线性回归评估SNOT-22和PHQ-9评分变化之间的关系。
结果：总体而言，38名平均±SD年龄为32.7±12岁的参与者入组。CRS伴鼻息肉（55.26%）是最常见的病症，其次是过敏性真菌CRS（31.58％）和无鼻息肉的CRS（13.16％）。6例患者（15.7%）的PHQ-9评分≥10分，表明他们患有重度抑郁症。治疗后PHQ-9和SNOT-22评分显著改善(3.7±5.8vs6.5±6.9,P=.001；20.7±20.5与45.6±28.9预处理，分别为P<.0001)。PHQ-9和SNOT-22评分的平均±SD变化分别为-2.7±7和-24.9±29.8。SNOT-22与PHQ-9评分呈正相关(r=.522,P<.001)。PHQ-9评分变化与SNOT-22评分变化显著相关(β=0.178,95%置信区间0.12-0.23,P<0.0001)。
结论：CRS影响患者的生活质量和心理健康。以患者为中心的护理以及最大的医疗和手术治疗有助于克服其有害后果。
