Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between periodontitis and olfactory disorders.
METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 198 individuals between the ages of 18 and 60 years living in Denmark. The exposure was periodontitis, and the outcome was olfactory function (Threshold, Discrimination, Identification - TDI score), both measured clinically. Covariates included sex, age, education level, income, usage of nasal spray, tongue coating, halitosis, xerostomia, smoking, and history of COVID-19. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the association between periodontitis and olfactory function. Periodontitis was defined using the AAP/EFP classification and dichotomized into \"no\" (healthy subjects) and \"yes\" (Stages I, II, and III). Olfactory function was treated as a one-factor latent variable, including the different olfactory scores. In addition, extra models were performed considering each olfactory component as a separate outcome and the TDI Global Score.
RESULTS: The results showed that periodontitis was associated with a lower olfactory function [standardized coefficient (SC) -0.264, 95% CI -0.401, -0.118]. Additionally, periodontitis was also associated with a lower olfactory Threshold (odorant concentration required for detection) (SC -0.207, 95% CI -0.325, -0.089), Discrimination (ability to discriminate between odorants) (SC -0.149, 95% CI -0.270, -0.027), Identification (ability to identify odorants) scores (SC -0.161, 95% CI -0.277, -0.045), and TDI Global Score (SC -0.234, 95% CI -0.370, -0.099).
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that periodontitis is associated with olfactory impairment.
METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 198 individuals between the ages of 18 and 60 years living in Denmark. The exposure was periodontitis, and the outcome was olfactory function (Threshold, Discrimination, Identification - TDI score), both measured clinically. Covariates included sex, age, education level, income, usage of nasal spray, tongue coating, halitosis, xerostomia, smoking, and history of COVID-19. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the association between periodontitis and olfactory function. Periodontitis was defined using the AAP/EFP classification and dichotomized into \"no\" (healthy subjects) and \"yes\" (Stages I, II, and III). Olfactory function was treated as a one-factor latent variable, including the different olfactory scores. In addition, extra models were performed considering each olfactory component as a separate outcome and the TDI Global Score.
RESULTS: The results showed that periodontitis was associated with a lower olfactory function [standardized coefficient (SC) -0.264, 95% CI -0.401, -0.118]. Additionally, periodontitis was also associated with a lower olfactory Threshold (odorant concentration required for detection) (SC -0.207, 95% CI -0.325, -0.089), Discrimination (ability to discriminate between odorants) (SC -0.149, 95% CI -0.270, -0.027), Identification (ability to identify odorants) scores (SC -0.161, 95% CI -0.277, -0.045), and TDI Global Score (SC -0.234, 95% CI -0.370, -0.099).
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that periodontitis is associated with olfactory impairment.
摘要：
目的：探讨牙周炎与嗅觉障碍的关系。
方法：从居住在丹麦的年龄在18至60岁之间的198名个体收集临床数据。暴露是牙周炎，结果是嗅觉功能(阈值，歧视,Identification-TDIscore),两者都是临床测量的。协变量包括性别，年龄,教育水平,收入,鼻腔喷雾剂的用法，舌苔,口臭,口干症,吸烟,和COVID-19的历史。使用结构方程模型来估计牙周炎与嗅觉功能之间的关联。使用AAP/EFP分类定义牙周炎，并将其分为“否”（健康受试者）和“是”（第一阶段，II,andIII).嗅觉函数被视为单因素潜在变量，包括不同的嗅觉评分。此外,将每个嗅觉成分作为单独的结果和TDI全球评分考虑在内,我们进行了额外的模型.
结果：结果表明，牙周炎与嗅觉功能降低有关[标准化系数（SC）-0.264，95％CI-0.401，-0.118]。此外,牙周炎还与较低的嗅觉阈值（检测所需的气味浓度）有关（SC-0.207，95％CI-0.325，-0.089），辨别(区分气味剂的能力)(SC-0.149，95%CI-0.270，-0.027)，识别（识别气味剂的能力）得分（SC-0.161，95％CI-0.277，-0.045），和TDI全球评分（SC-0.234，95%CI-0.370，-0.099）。
结论：本研究提示牙周炎与嗅觉障碍有关。
方法：从居住在丹麦的年龄在18至60岁之间的198名个体收集临床数据。暴露是牙周炎，结果是嗅觉功能(阈值，歧视,Identification-TDIscore),两者都是临床测量的。协变量包括性别，年龄,教育水平,收入,鼻腔喷雾剂的用法，舌苔,口臭,口干症,吸烟,和COVID-19的历史。使用结构方程模型来估计牙周炎与嗅觉功能之间的关联。使用AAP/EFP分类定义牙周炎，并将其分为“否”（健康受试者）和“是”（第一阶段，II,andIII).嗅觉函数被视为单因素潜在变量，包括不同的嗅觉评分。此外,将每个嗅觉成分作为单独的结果和TDI全球评分考虑在内,我们进行了额外的模型.
结果：结果表明，牙周炎与嗅觉功能降低有关[标准化系数（SC）-0.264，95％CI-0.401，-0.118]。此外,牙周炎还与较低的嗅觉阈值（检测所需的气味浓度）有关（SC-0.207，95％CI-0.325，-0.089），辨别(区分气味剂的能力)(SC-0.149，95%CI-0.270，-0.027)，识别（识别气味剂的能力）得分（SC-0.161，95％CI-0.277，-0.045），和TDI全球评分（SC-0.234，95%CI-0.370，-0.099）。
结论：本研究提示牙周炎与嗅觉障碍有关。
