Abstract：
Head and neck cancers (HNCs), primarily head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), are associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV), notably HPV16 and HPV18. HPV status guides treatment and predicts outcomes, with distinct molecular pathways in HPV-driven HNSCC influencing survival rates. HNC incidence is rising globally, with regional variations reflecting diverse risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, and HPV infection. Oropharyngeal cancers attributed to HPV have significantly increased, particularly in regions like the United States. The HPV16 genome, characterized by oncoproteins E6 and E7, disrupts crucial cell cycle regulators, including tumor protein p53 (TP53) and retinoblastoma (Rb), contributing to HNSCC pathogenesis. P16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a reliable surrogate marker for HPV16 positivity, while in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, notably reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), offer sensitive HPV detection. Liquid-based RT-qPCR, especially in saliva, shows promise for noninvasive HPV detection, offering simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and patient compliance. These molecular advancements enhance diagnostic accuracy, guide treatment decisions, and improve patient outcomes in HNC management. In conclusion, advances in HPV detection and molecular understanding have significant clinical management implications. Integrating these advancements into routine practice could ultimately improve patient outcomes.
摘要：
头颈癌（HNC），主要是头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC），与高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HRHPV）有关，特别是HPV16和HPV18。HPV状态指导治疗并预测结果，在HPV驱动的HNSCC中具有不同的分子途径影响生存率。HNC发病率在全球范围内上升，区域差异反映了不同的风险因素，包括烟草,酒精,和HPV感染。归因于HPV的口喉癌显着增加，特别是在像美国这样的地区。HPV16基因组，以癌蛋白E6和E7为特征，破坏关键的细胞周期调节因子，包括肿瘤蛋白p53（TP53）和视网膜母细胞瘤（Rb），有助于HNSCC发病机制。P16免疫组织化学（IHC）是HPV16阳性的可靠替代标记，而原位杂交和聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术，特别是逆转录定量PCR（RT-qPCR），提供敏感的HPV检测。基于液体的RT-qPCR，尤其是在唾液中，显示出非侵入性HPV检测的希望，提供简单性，成本效益，和患者的依从性。这些分子的进步提高了诊断的准确性，指导治疗决策，改善HNC管理中的患者预后。总之,HPV检测和分子理解的进展具有重要的临床管理意义.将这些进步整合到常规实践中可以最终改善患者的预后。
