PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Smoking is known to be a major risk factor for several diseases. Recently, electronic cigarettes have been introduced to the market; however, their effect on oral health has not been well studied yet. We aim to compare the effect of different types of smoking on oral health and to evaluate cytomorphological changes in oral mucosa among different types of smokers.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 112 participants were recruited, conventional cigarette smokers (n = 28), electronic cigarettes smokers (n = 26), hookah smokers (n = 29) and non-smokers (n = 29). Oral examination, brush cytology and salivary flow test were performed. Cytological smears were stained and examined for cytomorphological changes. Oral symptoms, type, and frequency of smoking were obtained through questionnaires. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis.
UNASSIGNED: Most of the oral symptoms reported in this study were among conventional and electronic cigarettes smokers. While hookah smokers reported the least oral symptoms. Increase in DMFT and gingival index were observed among all smokers, mainly among conventional cigarettes smokers. Conventional cigarette and hookah smokers were found to have the most significant cellular changes. Electronic cigarette smokers had certain cellular changes as well.
UNASSIGNED: All types of smoking adversely affect oral health and can induce cellular changes in the oral mucosa.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 112 participants were recruited, conventional cigarette smokers (n = 28), electronic cigarettes smokers (n = 26), hookah smokers (n = 29) and non-smokers (n = 29). Oral examination, brush cytology and salivary flow test were performed. Cytological smears were stained and examined for cytomorphological changes. Oral symptoms, type, and frequency of smoking were obtained through questionnaires. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis.
UNASSIGNED: Most of the oral symptoms reported in this study were among conventional and electronic cigarettes smokers. While hookah smokers reported the least oral symptoms. Increase in DMFT and gingival index were observed among all smokers, mainly among conventional cigarettes smokers. Conventional cigarette and hookah smokers were found to have the most significant cellular changes. Electronic cigarette smokers had certain cellular changes as well.
UNASSIGNED: All types of smoking adversely affect oral health and can induce cellular changes in the oral mucosa.
摘要：
■已知吸烟是几种疾病的主要危险因素。最近,电子香烟已被推向市场；然而，它们对口腔健康的影响尚未得到很好的研究。我们旨在比较不同类型吸烟对口腔健康的影响，并评估不同类型吸烟者口腔黏膜的细胞形态学变化。
■总共招募了112名参与者，传统吸烟者(n=28)，电子烟吸烟者（n=26），水烟吸烟者（n=29）和不吸烟者（n=29）。口试,进行刷细胞学和唾液流试验。细胞学涂片染色并检查细胞形态学变化。口腔症状,type,通过问卷调查获得吸烟频率。采用SPSS程序进行统计分析。
■本研究中报告的大多数口腔症状是传统和电子烟吸烟者。而水烟吸烟者报告的口腔症状最少。在所有吸烟者中观察到DMFT和牙龈指数的增加，主要是传统的香烟吸烟者。发现传统的香烟和水烟吸烟者具有最显著的细胞变化。电子烟吸烟者也有一定的细胞变化。
■所有类型的吸烟都会对口腔健康产生不利影响，并可引起口腔粘膜的细胞变化。
■总共招募了112名参与者，传统吸烟者(n=28)，电子烟吸烟者（n=26），水烟吸烟者（n=29）和不吸烟者（n=29）。口试,进行刷细胞学和唾液流试验。细胞学涂片染色并检查细胞形态学变化。口腔症状,type,通过问卷调查获得吸烟频率。采用SPSS程序进行统计分析。
■本研究中报告的大多数口腔症状是传统和电子烟吸烟者。而水烟吸烟者报告的口腔症状最少。在所有吸烟者中观察到DMFT和牙龈指数的增加，主要是传统的香烟吸烟者。发现传统的香烟和水烟吸烟者具有最显著的细胞变化。电子烟吸烟者也有一定的细胞变化。
■所有类型的吸烟都会对口腔健康产生不利影响，并可引起口腔粘膜的细胞变化。
