PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Objective evaluation of swallowing using single bolus consistency are popular among Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) but has limited generalization to other bolus consistencies. The Swallowing Proficiency for Eating and Drinking (SPEAD) test assesses the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing using three different consistencies.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish normative data for the SPEAD test among healthy individuals aged 20-79 years.
METHODS: One hundred and twelve healthy adults recruited from the community were divided into three age groups (20-39.11, 40-59.11, & 60-79.11 years). Participants swallowing 100 g of water and thickened Electral, and 6.67 g of Parle Monaco was video recorded for data analysis.
RESULTS: Cronbachs Alpha test indicated good to excellent internal consistency and inter-class correlation test revealed a high level of inter-rater reliability for all SPEAD parameters. Older adults exhibited a higher number of bites, chews, and swallows, and required more time to swallow compared to younger and middle adults. Similarly, speed of ingestion and SPEAD rate were lowest in older adults. SPEAD indices also showed significant differences across the three consistencies at p < 0.01.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the SPEAD test was found to be feasible, reliable, and valid in healthy adults of India between 20 and 79 years of age. The age and sex based normative data established in this study will enable SLPs in assessing the presence and / or absence of swallowing difficulties in the oral and pharyngeal phases across different consistencies using one test.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish normative data for the SPEAD test among healthy individuals aged 20-79 years.
METHODS: One hundred and twelve healthy adults recruited from the community were divided into three age groups (20-39.11, 40-59.11, & 60-79.11 years). Participants swallowing 100 g of water and thickened Electral, and 6.67 g of Parle Monaco was video recorded for data analysis.
RESULTS: Cronbachs Alpha test indicated good to excellent internal consistency and inter-class correlation test revealed a high level of inter-rater reliability for all SPEAD parameters. Older adults exhibited a higher number of bites, chews, and swallows, and required more time to swallow compared to younger and middle adults. Similarly, speed of ingestion and SPEAD rate were lowest in older adults. SPEAD indices also showed significant differences across the three consistencies at p < 0.01.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the SPEAD test was found to be feasible, reliable, and valid in healthy adults of India between 20 and 79 years of age. The age and sex based normative data established in this study will enable SLPs in assessing the presence and / or absence of swallowing difficulties in the oral and pharyngeal phases across different consistencies using one test.
摘要：
背景：使用单次推注一致性进行吞咽的客观评估在言语-语言病理学家（SLP）中很受欢迎，但对其他推注一致性的推广有限。饮食吞咽能力（SPEAD）测试使用三种不同的一致性评估吞咽的口腔和咽部阶段。
目的：本研究的目的是在20-79岁的健康个体中建立SPEAD测试的规范数据。
方法：从社区招募的112名健康成年人分为三个年龄组（20-39.11岁、40-59.11岁和60-79.11岁）。参与者吞下100克的水和增厚的电子，和6.67gParleMonaco的视频记录用于数据分析。
结果：CronbachsAlpha测试表明内部一致性良好，类别间相关性测试显示，所有SPEAD参数的评分者间可靠性都很高。老年人表现出更多的咬伤，咀嚼,还有燕子,与年轻人和中年人相比，需要更多的吞咽时间。同样，老年人的摄食速度和SPEAD率最低。SPEAD指数在三个一致性之间也显示出显著差异,p<0.01。
结论：总之，SPEAD测试被认为是可行的，可靠,在印度20至79岁的健康成年人中有效。本研究中建立的基于年龄和性别的规范数据将使SLP能够使用一种测试来评估口腔和咽部阶段中不同一致性的吞咽困难的存在和/或不存在。
目的：本研究的目的是在20-79岁的健康个体中建立SPEAD测试的规范数据。
方法：从社区招募的112名健康成年人分为三个年龄组（20-39.11岁、40-59.11岁和60-79.11岁）。参与者吞下100克的水和增厚的电子，和6.67gParleMonaco的视频记录用于数据分析。
结果：CronbachsAlpha测试表明内部一致性良好，类别间相关性测试显示，所有SPEAD参数的评分者间可靠性都很高。老年人表现出更多的咬伤，咀嚼,还有燕子,与年轻人和中年人相比，需要更多的吞咽时间。同样，老年人的摄食速度和SPEAD率最低。SPEAD指数在三个一致性之间也显示出显著差异,p<0.01。
结论：总之，SPEAD测试被认为是可行的，可靠,在印度20至79岁的健康成年人中有效。本研究中建立的基于年龄和性别的规范数据将使SLP能够使用一种测试来评估口腔和咽部阶段中不同一致性的吞咽困难的存在和/或不存在。
