PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a widely used food ingredient, although excessive concentrations can pose potential health risks. In the present study, we evaluated the deterioration effects of NaNO2 additives on hematology, metabolic profile, liver function, and kidney function of male Wistar rats. We further explored the therapeutic potential of supplementation with S. costus root ethanolic extract (SCREE) to improve NaNO2-induced hepatorenal toxicity. In this regard, 65 adult male rats were divided into eight groups; Group 1: control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 received SCREE in 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, Group 5: NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight), Groups 6, 7 and 8 received NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight) in combination with SCREE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Our results revealed that the NaNO2-treated group shows a significant change in deterioration in body and organ weights, hematological parameters, lipid profile, and hepatorenal dysfunction, as well as immunohistochemical and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, the NaNO2-treated group demonstrated a considerable increase in the expression of TNF-α cytokine and tumor suppressor gene P53 in the kidney and liver, while a significant reduction was detected in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and the apoptosis suppressor gene BCL-2, compared to the control group. Interestingly, SCREE administration demonstrated the ability to significantly alleviate the toxic effects of NaNO2 and improve liver function in a dose-dependent manner, including hematological parameters, lipid profile, and modulation of histopathological architecture. Additionally, SCREE exhibited the ability to modulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes in the liver and kidney. The phytochemical analysis revealed a wide set of primary metabolites in SCREE, including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, saponins and tannins, while the untargeted UPLC/T-TOF-MS/MS analysis identified 183 metabolites in both positive and negative ionization modes. Together, our findings establish the potential of SCREE in mitigating the toxic effects of NaNO2 by modulating metabolic, inflammatory, and apoptosis. Together, this study underscores the promise of SCREE as a potential natural food detoxifying additive to counteract the harmful impacts of sodium nitrite.
摘要：
亚硝酸钠（NaNO2）是一种广泛使用的食品配料，尽管浓度过高可能会带来潜在的健康风险。在本研究中,我们评估了NaNO2添加剂对血液学的恶化影响，代谢概况，肝功能,雄性Wistar大鼠的肾功能。我们进一步探索了补充S.costrus根乙醇提取物（SCREE）以改善NaNO2诱导的肝肾毒性的治疗潜力。在这方面,将65只成年雄性大鼠分为8组；第1组：对照组，第2、3和4组接受200、400和600mg/kg体重的SCREE，分别,第5组：NaNO2（6.5mg/kg体重），第6、7和8组接受NaNO2（6.5mg/kg体重）与SCREE（200、400和600mg/kg体重）的组合，分别。我们的结果表明，NaNO2治疗组显示出身体和器官重量恶化的显着变化，血液学参数,血脂谱,和肝肾功能障碍，以及免疫组织化学和组织病理学改变。此外，NaNO2治疗组显示肾脏和肝脏中TNF-α细胞因子和抑癌基因P53的表达显着增加，与对照组相比，抗炎细胞因子IL-4和凋亡抑制基因BCL-2显着降低。有趣的是,SCREE给药显示出显着减轻NaNO2的毒性作用并以剂量依赖性方式改善肝功能的能力，包括血液学参数，血脂谱,和组织病理学结构的调节。此外,SCREE表现出调节肝脏和肾脏中炎性细胞因子和凋亡基因表达水平的能力。植物化学分析揭示了SCREE中大量的初级代谢产物，包括酚类物质,黄酮类化合物，维生素,生物碱，皂苷和单宁，而非靶向UPLC/T-TOF-MS/MS分析鉴定出183种处于正电离和负电离模式的代谢物。一起,我们的发现确立了SCREE通过调节代谢来减轻NaNO2毒性作用的潜力，炎症，和凋亡。一起,这项研究强调了SCREE作为一种潜在的天然食品解毒添加剂的前景，以抵消亚硝酸钠的有害影响。
