Abstract：
The present study examines indoor air pollution in health facilities, focusing on compounds from various sources, such as industrial products, healthcare activities and building materials. It assesses chemical and microbiological concentrations in two public hospitals, two public healthcare centres, and one public health laboratory in Spain. Measurements included indoor air quality, microbiological contaminants, ambient parameters and non-target analysis across ten different locations. Outdoor air quality was also assessed in the surroundings of the hospitals. The results showed that around 350 substances were tentatively identified at a high confidence level, with over 50 % of compounds classified as of high toxicological risk. Three indoor and 26 outdoor compounds were fully confirmed with standards. These confirmed substances were linked to medical, industrial and agricultural activities. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) results revealed that CO, CO2, formaldehyde (HCHO), O3 and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) showed average values above the recommended guideline levels in at least one of the evaluated locations. Moreover, maximum concentrations detected for CO, HCHO, O3 and TVOCs in hospitals surpassed those previously reported in the literature. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in three air environments, corresponding to COVID-19 patient areas. Fungi and bacteria concentrations were acceptable in all assessed locations, identifying different fungi genera, such as Penicillium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Botrytis.
摘要：
本研究调查了卫生设施中的室内空气污染，关注各种来源的化合物，如工业产品，医疗保健活动和建筑材料。它评估了两家公立医院的化学和微生物浓度，两个公共医疗中心,和西班牙的一个公共卫生实验室。测量包括室内空气质量，微生物污染物，环境参数和十个不同位置的非目标分析。还评估了医院周围的室外空气质量。结果显示，在高置信水平下初步鉴定出大约350种物质，超过50%的化合物被归类为高毒理学风险。3个室内和26个室外化合物被完全确认与标准。这些确认的物质与医学有关，工业和农业活动。室内空气质量(IAQ)结果显示，CO，CO2、甲醛(HCHO)、在至少一个评估位置中，O3和总挥发性有机化合物（TVOCs）的平均值高于推荐的指南水平。此外，检测到的CO的最大浓度，HCHO,医院中的O3和TVOCs超过了文献中先前报道的。在三种空气环境中检测到SARS-CoV-2，对应于COVID-19患者区域。所有评估地点的真菌和细菌浓度均可接受。鉴定不同的真菌属，如青霉菌，枝孢霉,曲霉菌,链格孢菌和葡萄孢菌。
