Abstract：
Traffic related air pollution is a major concern for perinatal health. Determining causal associations, however, is difficult since high-traffic areas tend to correspond with lower socioeconomic neighborhoods and other environmental exposures. To overcome confounding, we compared pregnant individuals living downwind and upwind of the same high-traffic road. We leveraged vital statistics data for Texas from 2007-2016 (n=3,570,272 births) and computed hourly wind estimates for residential addresses within 500 m of high-traffic roads (i.e., annual average daily traffic greater than 25,000) (10.9% of births). We matched pregnant individuals predominantly upwind to pregnant neighbors downwind of the same road segment (n=37,631 pairs). Living downwind was associated with an 11.6 gram (95% CI: -18.01, -5.21) decrease in term birth weight. No associations were observed with low term birth weight, preterm birth, or very preterm birth. In distance-stratified models, living downwind within 50 m was associated with a -36.3 gram (95% CI: -67.74, -4.93) decrease in term birth weight and living 51-100m downwind was associated with an odds ratio of 3.68 (95% CI: 1.71, 7.90) for very preterm birth. These results suggest traffic air pollution is associated with adverse birth outcomes, with steep distance decay gradients around major roads.
摘要：
与交通有关的空气污染是围产期健康的主要问题。确定因果关系，然而,是困难的，因为高交通地区往往与较低的社会经济社区和其他环境暴露相对应。为了克服混乱，我们比较了生活在同一条交通繁忙道路的顺风和逆风的孕妇。我们利用了2007-2016年德克萨斯州的重要统计数据（n=3,570,272例出生），并计算了500m交通繁忙道路内住宅地址的每小时风力估计（即，年平均每日交通量大于25,000)(占出生人口的10.9%)。我们将主要是逆风的孕妇与同一路段的顺风的孕妇邻居进行了匹配（n=37,631对）。顺风生活与足月出生体重减轻11.6克（95％CI：-18.01，-5.21）相关。没有观察到与低足月出生体重的关联，早产,或者非常早产。在距离分层模型中，生活在50m以内的顺风与足月出生体重下降-36.3克(95%CI:-67.74,-4.93)相关,生活在51-100m顺风与早产的比值比为3.68(95%CI:1.71,7.90)相关.这些结果表明交通空气污染与不良分娩结局有关，主要道路周围有陡峭的距离衰减梯度。
