Abstract：
Plants and insects have co-existed for almost 400 million years and their interactions can be beneficial or harmful, thus reflecting their intricate co-evolutionary dynamics. Many herbivorous arthropods cause tremendous crop loss, impacting the agro-economy worldwide. Plants possess an arsenal of chemical defenses that comprise diverse secondary metabolites that help protect against harmful herbivorous arthropods. In response, the strategies that herbivores use to cope with plant defenses can be behavioral, or molecular and/or biochemical of which salivary secretions are a key determinant. Insect salivary secretions/oral secretions (OSs) play a crucial role in plant immunity as they contain several biologically active elicitors and effector proteins that modulate plants\' defense responses. Using this oral secretion cocktail, insects overcome plant natural defenses to allow successful feeding. However, a lack of knowledge of the nature of the signals present in oral secretion cocktails has resulted in reduced mechanistic knowledge of their cellular perception. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge on herbivore oral secretion derived elicitors and effectors and various mechanisms involved in plant defense modulation. Identification of novel herbivore-released molecules and their plant targets should pave the way for understanding the intricate strategies employed by both herbivorous arthropods and plants in their interactions.
摘要：
植物和昆虫已经共存了近4亿年，它们的相互作用可能是有益的，也可能是有害的。从而反映了它们复杂的共同进化动态。许多食草节肢动物造成巨大的作物损失，影响全球农业经济。植物拥有一系列化学防御系统，其中包含各种次生代谢产物，有助于防止有害的食草节肢动物。作为回应,草食动物用来应对植物防御的策略可以是行为，或分子和/或生化，其中唾液分泌物是关键决定因素。昆虫唾液分泌物/口腔分泌物（OS）在植物免疫中起着至关重要的作用，因为它们含有几种调节植物防御反应的生物活性诱导子和效应蛋白。使用这种口腔分泌物鸡尾酒，昆虫克服植物的自然防御，使成功的喂养。然而,缺乏对口腔分泌物混合物中存在的信号性质的了解导致对其细胞感知的机械知识减少。在这次审查中,我们讨论了有关草食动物口腔分泌来源的激发子和效应子以及植物防御调节中涉及的各种机制的最新知识。鉴定新的食草动物释放分子及其植物靶标应为理解食草节肢动物和植物在相互作用中采用的复杂策略铺平道路。
