Abstract：
Methylation is a vital chemical reaction in the metabolism of many drugs, neurotransmitters, hormones, and exogenous compounds. Among them, S-methylation plays a significant role in the biotransformation of sulfur-containing compounds, particularly chemicals with sulfhydryl groups. Currently, only three S-methyltransferases have been reported: thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT), thiol methyltransferase (TMT), and thioether methyltransferase (TEMT). These enzymes are involved in various biological processes such as gene regulation, signal transduction, protein repair, tumor progression, and biosynthesis and degradation reactions in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Furthermore, they play pivotal roles in the metabolic pathways of essential drugs and contribute to the advancement of diseases such as tumors. This paper reviews the research progress on relevant structural features, metabolic mechanisms, inhibitor development, and influencing factors (gene polymorphism, S-adenosylmethionine level, race, sex, age, and disease) of S-methyltransferases. We hope that a better comprehension of S-methyltransferases will help to provide a reference for the development of novel strategies for related disorders and improve long-term efficacy.
摘要：
甲基化是许多药物代谢中至关重要的化学反应，神经递质,荷尔蒙，和外源性化合物。其中,S-甲基化在含硫化合物的生物转化中起着重要作用，特别是具有巯基的化学品。目前,仅报道了三种S-甲基转移酶：硫代嘌呤甲基转移酶（TPMT），硫醇甲基转移酶(TMT)，和硫醚甲基转移酶(TEMT)。这些酶参与各种生物过程，如基因调控，信号转导，蛋白质修复，肿瘤进展，以及动物的生物合成和降解反应，植物,和微生物。此外，它们在基本药物的代谢途径中起着关键作用，并有助于肿瘤等疾病的发展。本文综述了相关结构特征的研究进展,代谢机制，抑制剂的发展，和影响因素(基因多态性，S-腺苷甲硫氨酸水平，种族,性别,年龄,和疾病）的S-甲基转移酶。我们希望更好地理解S-甲基转移酶将有助于为相关疾病的新策略开发提供参考，并提高长期疗效。
