Abstract：
Petroleum hydrocarbons as pervasive pollutants pose a significant threat to soil ecology and human health. Surfactant washing as an established technique can effectively remediate soils contaminated by hydrocarbons. Biosurfactants, which combine the properties of surfactants and environmental compatibility, have attracted increasing interest. However, due to the high production cost of biosurfactants, their practical application is restricted. This study addressed these limitations by selecting two biosurfactants, β-cyclodextrin (C1) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (C2), and developed a promising cleaning agent formula through compounding and the addition of suitable additives. When the volume ratio of C1 to C2 was 8:2 and an 8 g/L mixture of sodium humate and sodium carbonate electrolyte was added, the surfactant system\'s surface tension reached a minimum, yielding optimal oil removal. The formation and synergistic behaviour of mixed micelles of surfactants were explained using ideal solution theory and the Rubingh model. By optimising the oil washing process parameters - normal temperature of 25 °C, pH 11, washing time of 2 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, and oscillation frequency of 200 r/min - the oil removal rate achieved 76%. This cleaning agent, characterised by low production cost, straightforward application, environmental compatibility, and rapid, significant cleaning effect, shows potential for field-scale purification of petroleum-contaminated soil.
摘要：
石油烃作为普遍存在的污染物，对土壤生态和人类健康构成重大威胁。表面活性剂洗涤作为一种既定的技术可以有效地修复被碳氢化合物污染的土壤。生物表面活性剂,它结合了表面活性剂的性质和环境相容性，引起了越来越多的兴趣。然而,由于生物表面活性剂的高生产成本，它们的实际应用受到限制。本研究通过选择两种生物表面活性剂解决了这些限制，β-环糊精（C1）和羧甲基纤维素钠（C2），并通过复合和添加合适的添加剂，开发了一种有前途的清洁剂配方。当C1与C2的体积比为8:2并添加8g/L的腐植酸钠和碳酸钠电解质的混合物时，表面活性剂体系的表面张力达到最小值，产生最佳的除油效果。使用理想溶液理论和Rubingh模型解释了表面活性剂混合胶束的形成和协同行为。通过优化油洗工艺参数-常温25°C，pH为11，洗涤时间为2h，固液比为1:5,振荡频率为200r/min,除油率达到76%。这种清洁剂,其特点是生产成本低，简单的应用程序，环境兼容性，而且迅速,显著的清洁效果,显示了对石油污染土壤进行现场规模净化的潜力。
