Abstract：
Panamanian golden frog (PGF) (Atelopus zeteki) is a critically endangered species. The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore houses two groups of PGF originating from distinct geographic locations as an assurance colony, with the goal of upholding genetics for future release of individuals back to their native environment. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to characterize the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in these two zoo-housed populations of PGF as well as to establish normal parameters for selected diagnostic tests in these groups. Twenty-five females and 25 males were randomly selected from each group (100 PGF; 200 eyes in total) to undergo ocular examination using slit lamp biomicroscopy and direct ophthalmoscopy. Endodontic absorbent paper point test (EAPPT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) and Rose Bengal stain diagnostic tests were also performed. Reference ranges for tear production (EAPPT, 0.5-3 mm/min) and IOP (14-26 mmHg) were calculated in the nondiseased PGF eyes (n = 160 eyes). Rose Bengal stain uptake was negative on all eyes. In total, 40 eyes of 30 PGF were found to have some form of ocular abnormality (28% of PGF, 20% of eyes). The most frequently observed ocular abnormalities were cataract (9% of PGF, 6% of eyes) and keratitis (nonlipid keratopathy; 10% of PGF, 5.5% of eyes). There was no significant difference in overall ocular abnormality prevalence between the two groups studied (P = 0.37) or between the sexes (P = 0.76). The median age of an eye with cataract and keratitis (nonlipid keratopathy) was 10.35 and 7.7 yr, respectively. Ocular abnormalities are common in these two populations of PGF. Documentation of these ocular abnormalities and establishment of diagnostic reference ranges have not previously been published and may be important for maintaining the health of this endangered species.
摘要：
巴拿马金蛙（PGF）（Atelopuszeteki）是一种极度濒危的物种。巴尔的摩的马里兰动物园拥有两组来自不同地理位置的PGF作为保证殖民地，目的是维护遗传学，以便将来将个体释放回他们的本土环境。这项横断面研究的目的是表征这两个动物园饲养的PGF种群中眼部异常的患病率，并为这些组中的选定诊断测试建立正常参数。从每组中随机选择25名女性和25名男性（100PGF；总共200只眼），使用裂隙灯生物显微镜和直接检眼镜进行眼部检查。还进行了牙髓吸收纸点测试（EAPPT）和眼内压（IOP）和玫瑰红染色诊断测试。撕裂生产的参考范围(EAPPT，在未患病的PGF眼（n=160眼）中计算出0.5-3mm/min）和IOP（14-26mmHg）。所有眼睛的玫瑰红染色摄取均为阴性。总的来说,发现30只PGF的40只眼有某种形式的眼部异常（PGF的28％，20%的眼睛）。最常见的眼部异常是白内障（PGF的9％，6％的眼睛）和角膜炎（非脂质角膜病变；10％的PGF，5.5％的眼睛）。两组之间（P=0.37）或性别之间（P=0.76）的总体眼部异常患病率没有显着差异。白内障和角膜炎（非脂质角膜病变）的中位年龄为10.35岁和7.7岁，分别。眼部异常在这两个PGF群体中是常见的。这些眼部异常的文献和诊断参考范围的建立以前尚未发表，对于维持这种濒危物种的健康可能很重要。
