PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study aims to investigate bacterial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in airborne dust from pig farms. Airborne dust, pig feces and feed were collected from nine pig farms in Thailand. Airborne dust samples were collected from upwind and downwind (25 meters from pig house), and inside (in the middle of the pig house) of the selected pig house. Pig feces and feed samples were individually collected from the pen floor and feed trough from the same pig house where airborne dust was collected. A direct total bacteria count on each sampling plate was conducted and averaged. The ESKAPE pathogens together with Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Streptococcus were examined. A total of 163 bacterial isolates were collected and tested for MICs. Pooled bacteria from the inside airborne dust samples were analyzed using Metagenomic Sequencing. The highest bacterial concentration (1.9-11.2 × 103 CFU/m3) was found inside pig houses. Staphylococcus (n = 37) and Enterococcus (n = 36) were most frequent bacterial species. Salmonella (n = 3) were exclusively isolated from feed and feces. Target bacteria showed a variety of resistance phenotypes, and the same bacterial species with the same resistance phenotype were found in airborne dust, feed and fecal from each farm. Metagenomic Sequencing analysis revealed 1,652 bacterial species across all pig farms, of which the predominant bacterial phylum was Bacillota. One hundred fifty-nine AMR genes of 12 different antibiotic classes were identified, with aminoglycoside resistance genes (24%) being the most prevalent. A total of 251 different plasmids were discovered, and the same plasmid was detected in multiple farms. In conclusion, the phenotypic and metagenomic results demonstrated that airborne dust from pig farms contained a diverse array of bacterial species and genes encoding resistance to a range of clinically important antimicrobial agents, indicating the significant role in the spread of AMR bacterial pathogens with potential hazards to human health. Policy measurements to address AMR in airborne dust from livestock farms are mandatory.
摘要：
本研究旨在调查猪场空气粉尘中的细菌群落和抗菌素耐药性（AMR）。空气中的灰尘,从泰国的9个养猪场收集猪粪和饲料。从迎风和顺风(距离猪舍25米)收集空气中的灰尘样本，并且在所选择的猪舍的内部（在猪舍的中间）。从收集空气中的灰尘的同一猪舍的围栏地板和饲料槽分别收集猪粪便和饲料样品。对每个取样板上的直接总细菌计数进行平均。ESKAPE病原体与大肠杆菌，沙门氏菌,并检查了链球菌。总共收集了163个细菌分离株并测试了MIC。使用宏基因组测序分析来自内部空气传播粉尘样品的汇集细菌。猪舍内细菌浓度最高（1.9-11.2×103CFU/m3）。葡萄球菌（n=37）和肠球菌（n=36）是最常见的细菌种类。沙门氏菌(n=3)仅从饲料和粪便中分离。目标菌表现出多种抗性表型,在空气中的灰尘中发现了具有相同抗性表型的相同细菌物种，每个农场的饲料和粪便。宏基因组测序分析显示，所有猪场都有1,652种细菌，其中主要的细菌门是芽孢杆菌。确定了12种不同抗生素类别的一百五十九个AMR基因，氨基糖苷类耐药基因(24%)最为普遍。共发现251种不同的质粒,在多个农场中检测到相同的质粒。总之,表型和宏基因组结果表明，养猪场的空气粉尘含有多种细菌种类和编码对一系列临床上重要的抗微生物剂的抗性的基因，表明AMR细菌病原体在传播中具有重要作用，对人类健康具有潜在危害。必须采取政策措施来解决禽畜养殖场空气粉尘中的AMR。
