Abstract：
Breakfast is often cited as the most important meal of the day and vital for students\' academic functioning at school. Although much research has linked students\' breakfast consumption to better achievement, there has been debate about why and how breakfast has academic benefits. The present study of 648 Australian high school students investigated (a) the role of breakfast consumption and breakfast quality in students\' self-reported motivation and their achievement in a science test, (b) the role of motivation in mediating the link between breakfast consumption and quality and students\' achievement, and (c) the extent to which breakfast consumption effects are moderated by the quality of breakfast (e.g., more vegetables, fruit, dairy/protein, wholegrains, cereals, water; less sugary drinks, processed meat, fast take-away, unhealthy snack foods). Findings indicated that beyond the effects of personal, home, and classroom factors, breakfast consumption predicted higher adaptive motivation (p < .05), breakfast quality predicted lower maladaptive motivation (p < .05), and in turn, students\' adaptive (positively, p < .01) and maladaptive (negatively, p < .01) motivation predicted their achievement. Moreover, adaptive motivation significantly mediated the relationship between breakfast consumption and achievement (p < .05). The effect of breakfast consumption was moderated by the quality of breakfast such that consuming a high-quality breakfast in the morning was associated with the highest levels of adaptive motivation (p < .01) and achievement (p < .05) later in the day. Findings have implications for educational practice and policy seeking to promote a healthy start to the school day to optimize students\' motivation and achievement.
摘要：
早餐通常被认为是一天中最重要的一餐，对学生在学校的学业至关重要。尽管许多研究已经将学生的早餐消费与更好的成就联系起来，关于早餐为什么以及如何具有学术益处一直存在争议。本研究对648名澳大利亚高中生进行了调查（a）早餐消费和早餐质量在学生自我报告的动机及其在科学测试中的成就中的作用，（b）动机在调节早餐消费与质量和学生成就之间的联系中的作用，和(c)早餐质量在多大程度上缓解了早餐消费效应(例如，更多的蔬菜，水果,乳制品/蛋白质，全麦,谷物,水；含糖饮料少，加工肉,快速带走，不健康的零食）。调查结果表明，除了个人影响，home,和课堂因素，早餐消费预测更高的适应性动机(p<0.05)，早餐质量预测较低的适应不良动机(p<0.05)，反过来,学生的适应性(积极，p<0.01)和适应不良(负面，p<.01)动机预测了他们的成就。此外，适应性动机显著介导了早餐消费与成就之间的关系(p<.05)。早餐消费的效果受到早餐质量的调节，因此早上吃高质量的早餐与当天晚些时候最高水平的适应性动机（p<.01）和成就（p<.05）相关。研究结果对教育实践和政策具有启示意义，旨在促进学校日的健康开始，以优化学生的动力和成就。
