PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: A growing literature suggests associations between occupational pesticide exposure and respiratory health. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of exposure to insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, individually and as a mixture, with respiratory health outcomes and rhinitis in avocado farmworkers from Michoacán, Mexico.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 avocado farmworkers between May and August 2021. We quantified 12 insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide metabolites in urine samples collected during two study visits (8-10 weeks apart). We collected survey data on self-reported pesticide use during the 12 months prior to the baseline survey and estimated annual exposure-intensity scores (EIS) using a semi-quantitative exposure algorithm. We also assessed respiratory symptoms, including wheezing, chest tightness, wheezing after exercise, and night cough. We used generalized linear regression models to examine associations of individual urinary metabolite concentrations and annual EIS with respiratory health outcomes and rhinitis. Mixture effects were assessed using Bayesian Weighted Quantile Sum (BWQS) regression.
RESULTS: After adjusting for multiple comparisons, we observed mostly null associations of individual pesticide metabolite concentrations and annual EIS with the outcomes of interest. However, in BWQS analyses, we found evidence of a mixture association of urinary pesticide metabolites with increased odds of night cough (OR: 5.34, 95 % CrI: 1.67, 20.62). Pyrethroid metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid were the main contributors to this association (43 %).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that exposure to a mixture of pesticides, particularly pyrethroid insecticides, may be associated with night cough in avocado farmworkers.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 avocado farmworkers between May and August 2021. We quantified 12 insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide metabolites in urine samples collected during two study visits (8-10 weeks apart). We collected survey data on self-reported pesticide use during the 12 months prior to the baseline survey and estimated annual exposure-intensity scores (EIS) using a semi-quantitative exposure algorithm. We also assessed respiratory symptoms, including wheezing, chest tightness, wheezing after exercise, and night cough. We used generalized linear regression models to examine associations of individual urinary metabolite concentrations and annual EIS with respiratory health outcomes and rhinitis. Mixture effects were assessed using Bayesian Weighted Quantile Sum (BWQS) regression.
RESULTS: After adjusting for multiple comparisons, we observed mostly null associations of individual pesticide metabolite concentrations and annual EIS with the outcomes of interest. However, in BWQS analyses, we found evidence of a mixture association of urinary pesticide metabolites with increased odds of night cough (OR: 5.34, 95 % CrI: 1.67, 20.62). Pyrethroid metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid were the main contributors to this association (43 %).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that exposure to a mixture of pesticides, particularly pyrethroid insecticides, may be associated with night cough in avocado farmworkers.
摘要：
背景：越来越多的文献表明职业性农药暴露与呼吸道健康之间存在关联。在这项研究中,我们的目的是研究接触杀虫剂的关联，杀菌剂，和除草剂，单独和作为混合物，来自米却肯州的鳄梨农场工人的呼吸健康结果和鼻炎，墨西哥。
方法：我们在2021年5月至8月间对105名鳄梨农场工人进行了横断面研究。我们量化了12种杀虫剂，杀菌剂，在两次研究访问（间隔8-10周）期间收集的尿液样品中的除草剂代谢物。我们收集了基线调查前12个月内自我报告的农药使用情况的调查数据，并使用半定量暴露算法估计了年度暴露强度得分（EIS）。我们还评估了呼吸道症状，包括喘息,胸闷,运动后喘息,晚上咳嗽。我们使用广义线性回归模型来检查个体尿代谢物浓度和年度EIS与呼吸健康结果和鼻炎的关联。使用贝叶斯加权分位数和(BWQS)回归评估混合物效应。
结果：调整多重比较后，我们观察到个体农药代谢物浓度和年度EIS与感兴趣的结果之间的关联大多为零.然而,在BWQS分析中，我们发现有证据表明,尿液中的农药代谢产物与夜间咳嗽的几率增加有混合关联(OR:5.34,95%CrI:1.67,20.62).拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸以及顺式和反式-3-（2,2-二氯乙烯基）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酸是这种缔合的主要贡献者（43％）。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，暴露于农药混合物中，特别是拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，可能与鳄梨农场工人的夜间咳嗽有关。
方法：我们在2021年5月至8月间对105名鳄梨农场工人进行了横断面研究。我们量化了12种杀虫剂，杀菌剂，在两次研究访问（间隔8-10周）期间收集的尿液样品中的除草剂代谢物。我们收集了基线调查前12个月内自我报告的农药使用情况的调查数据，并使用半定量暴露算法估计了年度暴露强度得分（EIS）。我们还评估了呼吸道症状，包括喘息,胸闷,运动后喘息,晚上咳嗽。我们使用广义线性回归模型来检查个体尿代谢物浓度和年度EIS与呼吸健康结果和鼻炎的关联。使用贝叶斯加权分位数和(BWQS)回归评估混合物效应。
结果：调整多重比较后，我们观察到个体农药代谢物浓度和年度EIS与感兴趣的结果之间的关联大多为零.然而,在BWQS分析中，我们发现有证据表明,尿液中的农药代谢产物与夜间咳嗽的几率增加有混合关联(OR:5.34,95%CrI:1.67,20.62).拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸以及顺式和反式-3-（2,2-二氯乙烯基）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酸是这种缔合的主要贡献者（43％）。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，暴露于农药混合物中，特别是拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，可能与鳄梨农场工人的夜间咳嗽有关。
