Abstract：
Biosilica (BS) and spongin (SPG) from marine sponges are highlighted for their potential to promote bone regeneration. Moreover, 3D printing is introduced as a technology for producing bone grafts with optimized porous structures, allowing for better cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the BS and BS/SPG 3D printed scaffolds and to evaluate the biological effects in vitro. The scaffolds were printed using an ink containing 4 wt.% of sodium alginate. The physicochemical characteristics of BS and BS/SPG 3D printed scaffolds were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, porosity, evaluation of mass loss, and pH measurement. For in vitro analysis, the cellular viability of the MC3T3-E1 cell lineage was assessed using the AlamarBlue® assay and confocal microscopy, while genotoxicity and mineralization potential were evaluated through the micronucleus assay and Alizarin Red S, respectively. SEM analysis revealed spicules in BS, the fibrillar structure of SPG, and material degradation over the immersion period. FTIR indicated peaks corresponding to silicon oxide in BS samples and carbon oxide and amine in SPG samples. BS-SPG scaffolds exhibited higher porosity, while BS scaffolds displayed greater mass loss. pH measurements indicated a significant decrease induced by BS, which was mitigated by SPG over the experimental periods. In vitro studies demonstrated the biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity of scaffold extracts. .Also, the scaffolds promoted cellular differentiation. The micronucleus test further confirmed the absence of genotoxicity. These findings suggest that 3D printed BS and BS/SPG scaffolds may possess desirable morphological and physicochemical properties, indicating in vitro biocompatibility.
摘要：
来自海洋海绵的生物二氧化硅（BS）和海绵（SPG）具有促进骨骼再生的潜力。此外，3D打印被引入作为一种生产具有优化多孔结构的骨移植物的技术，允许更好的细胞附着，扩散,和差异化。因此，本研究旨在表征BS和BS/SPG3D打印支架并评估其体外生物学效应。使用含有4重量%的油墨印刷支架。%的海藻酸钠。通过SEM分析BS和BS/SPG3D打印支架的理化特性,EDS,FTIR,孔隙度,质量损失的评估，和pH测量。对于体外分析，使用AlamarBlue®测定法和共聚焦显微镜评估MC3T3-E1细胞系的细胞活力，通过微核试验和茜素红S评估遗传毒性和矿化潜力，分别。SEM分析显示BS中的针状体，SPG的纤维结构，和材料在浸泡期间的降解。FTIR显示对应于BS样品中的氧化硅和SPG样品中的碳氧化物和胺的峰。BS-SPG支架表现出较高的孔隙率，而BS支架显示更大的质量损失。pH测量表明BS引起的显着降低，在实验期间被SPG缓解。体外研究证明了支架提取物的生物相容性和非细胞毒性。.此外，支架促进细胞分化。微核试验进一步证实了没有遗传毒性。这些发现表明，3D打印的BS和BS/SPG支架可能具有理想的形态和物理化学性质。表明体外生物相容性。
