PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Once thought to be sterile, the human lung is now well recognized to harbor a consortium of microorganisms collectively known as the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is altered in an array of lung diseases, including chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchiectasis, acute lung diseases caused by pneumonia, sepsis, and COVID-19, and other lung complications such as those related to lung transplantation, lung cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus. The effects of lung microbiome in modulating host immunity and inflammation in the lung and distal organs are being elucidated. However, the precise mechanism by which members of microbiota produce structural ligands that interact with host genes and pathways remains largely uncharacterized. Multiple unique challenges, both technically and biologically, exist in the field of lung microbiome, necessitating the development of tailored experimental and analytical approaches to overcome the bottlenecks. In this review, we first provide an overview of the principles and methodologies in studying the lung microbiome. We next review current knowledge of the roles of lung microbiome in human diseases, highlighting mechanistic insights. We finally discuss critical challenges in the field and share our thoughts on broad topics for future investigation.
摘要：
曾经被认为是无菌的，人类的肺现在被公认为拥有一组统称为肺微生物组的微生物群。在一系列肺部疾病中，肺部微生物组发生了变化，包括慢性肺病，如慢性阻塞性肺病，哮喘,还有支气管扩张,由肺炎引起的急性肺部疾病，脓毒症,和COVID-19，以及其他肺部并发症，如与肺移植有关的并发症，肺癌,和人类免疫缺陷病毒。正在阐明肺微生物组在调节宿主免疫和肺和远端器官中的炎症中的作用。然而,微生物群成员产生与宿主基因和途径相互作用的结构配体的确切机制仍未明确。多个独特的挑战，技术上和生物学上，存在于肺部微生物组领域，需要开发量身定制的实验和分析方法来克服瓶颈。在这次审查中,我们首先概述了研究肺部微生物组的原理和方法。接下来，我们将回顾有关肺部微生物组在人类疾病中的作用的最新知识，突出机械论的见解。最后，我们讨论了该领域的关键挑战，并就未来调查的广泛主题分享了我们的想法。
