PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Airborne microorganisms, including pathogens, would change with surrounding environments and become issues of global concern due to their threats to human health. Microbial communities typically contain a few abundant but many rare species. However, how the airborne abundant and rare microbial communities respond to environmental changes is still unclear, especially at hour scale. Here, we used a sequencing approach based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS2 regions to investigate the high time-resolved dynamics of airborne bacteria and fungi and to explore the responses of abundant and rare microbes to the atmospheric changes. Our results showed that air pollutants and microbial communities were significantly affected by human activities related to the Chinese New Year (CNY). Before CNY, significant hour-scale changes in both abundant and rare subcommunities were observed, while only abundant bacterial subcommunity changed with hour time series during CNY. Air pollutants and meteorological parameters explained 61.5%-74.2% variations of abundant community but only 13.3%-21.6% variations of rare communities. These results suggested that abundant species were more sensitive to environmental changes than rare taxa. Stochastic processes predominated in the assembly of abundant communities, but deterministic processes determined the assembly of rare communities. Potential bacterial pathogens during CNY were the highest, suggesting an increased health risk of airborne microbes during CNY. Overall, our findings highlighted the \"holiday effect\" of CNY on airborne microbes and expanded the current understanding of the ecological mechanisms and health risks of microbes in a changing atmosphere.
摘要：
空气传播的微生物,包括病原体,会随着周围环境的变化而变化，并因其对人类健康的威胁而成为全球关注的问题。微生物群落通常包含一些丰富但稀有的物种。然而,空气中丰富和稀有的微生物群落如何应对环境变化尚不清楚，尤其是在小时尺度上。这里,我们使用基于细菌16SrRNA基因和真菌ITS2区域的测序方法来研究空气中细菌和真菌的高时间分辨动力学，并探索丰富和稀有微生物对大气变化的响应。我们的结果表明，与农历新年（CNY）相关的人类活动对空气污染物和微生物群落产生了显着影响。在CNY之前，观察到丰富和稀有亚群落的显着小时尺度变化，而在CNY期间，只有丰富的细菌亚群落随小时时间序列而变化。空气污染物和气象参数解释了丰富群落的61.5％-74.2％的变化，而稀有群落的变化仅为13.3％-21.6％。这些结果表明，丰富的物种比稀有类群对环境变化更敏感。随机过程在丰富的社区集合中占主导地位，但是确定性过程决定了稀有社区的聚集。CNY期间潜在的细菌病原体最高，表明CNY期间空气传播微生物的健康风险增加。总的来说,我们的研究结果强调了CNY对空气中微生物的“假期效应”，并扩大了目前对气候变化中微生物的生态机制和健康风险的理解。
